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Scalp, Cranial Cavity, Meninges, & Brain- Practice Quiz with Complete Solutions
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Scalp, Cranial Cavity, Meninges, & Brain- Practice Quiz with Complete Solutions
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Scalp, Cranial Cavity, Meninges, & Brain-Practice Quiz with Complete Solutions
A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of double vision (diplopia),
inability to see close objects, and blurred vision in the right eye. A vertebrobasilar
angiogram revealed an aneurysm of the superior cerebellar artery close to its origin on
the right side. The doctor attributed the symptoms to the compression of an adjacent
cranial nerve by the aneurysm. The compressed nerve is the:
A) Abducens (CN VI)
B) Oculomotor (CN III)
C) Optic (CN II)
D) Trigeminal (CN V)
E) Trochlear (CN IV) - ANS-B) Oculomotor (CN III); Given the patient's symptoms, it
seems that some nerve involving vision and the ability to control the eye has been
injured. Now, you need to think about which nerve might be damaged by an aneurysm
of the superior cerebellar artery. The oculomotor nerve, which innervates the superior
rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles, passes between the
posterior cerebral artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
A patient who has sustained a fracture to the middle cranial fossa following a fall from a
height, might have any of these nerves injured EXCEPT:
A) Trigeminal
B) Oculomotor
C) Abducens
D) Trochlear
E) Hypoglossal - ANS-E) Hypoglossal; The middle cranial fossa is the part of the skull
that supports the temporal lobes of the brain. It is made of the greater wings of the
sphenoid and squamous part of the temporal bones laterally and the petrous part of the
temporal bones posteriorly.
Several cranial nerves enter foramina in the middle cranial fossa; all of these nerves
might have been damaged in the fall. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) has three divisions
that all leave through spaces in the middle cranial fossa. V1, the ophthalmic division,
exits through the superior orbital fissure; V2, the maxillary division, leaves through
foramen rotundum; V3, the mandibular division, leaves through foramen ovale. The
oculomotor nerve (CN III) crosses through the superior orbital fissure, along with
abducens (CN VI), the trochlear nerve (CN IV) and the ophthalmic division of the
trigeminal nerve (CN V1). So, all of these nerves might have been damaged in the fall.
The hypoglossal nerve, however, leaves the base of the skull by passing through the
hypoglossal canal, which is in the occipital bone and the posterior cranial fossa. It is not
likely that this nerve was injured in the fall.
, A person develops a cavernous sinus thrombosis. Because of its relationship to the
sinus, which cranial nerve might be affected?
A) Abducens
B) Facial
C) Mandibular V3
D) Olfactory
E) Optic - ANS-A) Abducens (CN VI); The cavernous sinus is a venous sinus of the
brain, lateral to the body of the sphenoid bone. All of the cranial nerves and vessels that
pass out of the skull at the superior orbital fissure pass through the cavernous sinus.
This includes the abducens nerve, the oculomotor nerve, the trochlear nerve, and the
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Any of these nerves might be affected by a
cavernous venous sinus thrombosis.
A sixty-four-year old man was diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma (tumor of the VIIIth
cranial nerve) where it entered the temporal bone. What other cranial nerve might also
be affected since this nerve uses the same foramen as the VIIIth in its course?
A) Abducens
B) Facial
C) Glossopharyngeal
D) Trigeminal
E) Vagus - ANS-B) Facial; The facial nerve enters the temporal bone with the
vestibulocochlear nerve--both cross into the internal acoustic meatus.
All of the following nerves exit the cranial cavity by way of bony openings located in the
middle cranial fossa EXCEPT:
A) Abducens
B) Trochlear
C) Oculomotor
D) Trigeminal
E) Facial - ANS-E) Facial; The middle cranial fossa is the part of the skull that supports
the temporal lobes of the brain. The facial nerve, however, leaves the base of the skull
by passing through the internal acoustic meatus, which is in the part of the temporal
bone that is in the posterior cranial fossa.
An 84-year old woman suffers a stroke, with paralysis on the right side of her body.
Neurological tests show that the intracerebral hemorrhage has interrupted the blood
supply to the posterior part of the frontal, the parietal and medial portions of the
temporal lobes of the left cerebral hemisphere. Which vessel was involved?
A) Anterior cerebral artery
B) Great cerebral vein
C) Middle cerebral artery
D) Middle meningeal artery
E) Posterior cerebral artery - ANS-C) Middl cerebral artery; The middle cerebral artery
supplies blood to most of the lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres, and the temporal
pole, including the frontal, parietal, and medial portions of the temporal lobes. So, the
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