Exam (elaborations)
SLCC: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY EXAM ANAGHA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
SLCC: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY EXAM ANAGHA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
SLCC: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY EXAMANAGHA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Internal (cellular) Respiration - Answer-The use of O2 within mitochondria to generate
ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, and the production of CO2 as a waste product
External Respiration - Answer-Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and
body tissues.
upper airways - Answer-airways in head and neck, to pharynx
Respiratory Tract (Lower airways) - Answer-Pharynx to the lungs, Includes conducting
zone and respiratory zone.
Conducting Zone - Answer-Conducts air from larynx to the lungs. contains mucous
escalator. (Larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles)
Mucous escalator - Answer-Goblet cells secrete mucus that traps particles and coats
airways, cilia propel mucus to the pharynx where it is swallowed
Respiratory zone - Answer-lower respiratory tract, sites for gas exchange. contains 300
million alveoli (Respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveoli)
Type I cells (alveolar) - Answer-Wall of alveoli, single layer of simple squamous
epithelium
Type II cells (alveolar) - Answer-Secrete surfactant
Alveolar Macrophage - Answer-immune defense in the alveoli
gas exchange - Answer-Blood in capillaries meets air in alveoli at respiratory membrane
where simple diffusion occurs
Thoracic Cavity - Answer-rib cage, intercostals, diaphragm, pleura, sternum, thoracic
vertebrae
Intercostal muscles - Answer-Increase volume of chest cavity
Diaphragm - Answer-Muscle, Bell shaped higher center. Pulls downward and makes
thoracic cavity taller.
visceral pleura - Answer-portion of pleural sac connected to the lung tissue
Parietal Pleura - Answer-Portion of pleural sac connected to thoracic wall
, inter-pleural space - Answer-fluid filled potential space between pleural membranes.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - Answer-Volume of air in lungs between breaths.
All forces acting across lungs and chest wall are balanced, and system is in steady
state.
forces for pulmonary ventilation - Answer-air flow driven by pressure gradients.
4 types of pressure:
Atmospheric Pressure
Intra-alveolar pressure
intra-pleural pressure
transpulmonary pressure
atmospheric pressure - Answer-(P_atm) pressure of outside air. 760 mmHg at sea level.
atmospheric pressure decreases as elevation increases. All other lung pressures are
relative to atmospheric pressure.
intra-alveolar pressure - Answer-(P_alv) pressure of air in alveoli. At rest (FRC)
pressure is 0 mmHg. when pressure is less/greater than atmospheric pressure
inspiration/expiration occurs respectively.
intra-pleural pressure - Answer-(P_ip) pressure inside the pleural space
transpulmonary pressure - Answer-(P_alv-P_ip) difference between intra-pleural
pressure and intra-alveolar pressure
Boyles Law - Answer-For any gas, pressure is inversely related to the volume of
container.
Ideal Gas Law - Answer-PV=nRT & P=nRT/V
P=pressure
V=volume
n=moles
R=constant
T=temperature
inspiration - Answer-external intercostals contract, alveoli expand, pressure decreases.
decreased pressure causes air to move into alveloi
expiration - Answer-alveolar pressure increases and air volume decreases
Lung compliance - Answer-change in lung volume, resulting in a change in
transpulmonary pressure. excess fluid can cause negative effects
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller biggdreamer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now