S/S of autonomic dysreflexia
~ -sudden, severe pounding HA
-elevated uncontrolled BP
-Bradycardia
-Blurred vision
-Profuse diaphoresis and flushing above the injury
-pallor, chills and pilomotor erection below injury
-anxiety
Tx of autonomic dysreflexia
~ -Elevate HOB
-Find and Remove c...
✓~ Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava (deoxygenated)
Right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
,pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery ( to lungs)
pulmonary veins (oxygenated)
Left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta (body/oxygenated blood)
Cardiac Output
✓~ Vlm of blood ejected form the heart/min
CO= HR x SV
Normal CO
✓~ 4-8
Stroke Volume
, ✓~ Vlm of blood ejected with each beat
Ejection Fraction
✓~ Fraction of blood ejected with each beat
Normal Ejection Fraction
✓~ 60-70%
Stroke Vlm is influenced by
✓~ Preload
Afterload
Preload
✓~ "filling a ballon"
-LFT ventricular end-diastole pressure
-Degree of stretch at end of diastole which determines how much blood is in
the ventricles prior to contraction
Inc in blood return to the heart results in?
, ✓~ Inc SV
Dec in blood return to the heart results in?
✓~ Dec SV
Factors that Inc Preload
✓~ Inc blood vlm
-Edema
-Hypervolemia
Heart Failure (vlm overload)
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Regurgitaiton
Factors that Dec Preload
✓~ Hypovolemic Shock
Impaired atrial contraction
How to DEC a pts preload ( HF pt)
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