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HMX Pharmacology: Questions With Complete Solutions
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HMX Pharmacology: Questions With Complete Solutions
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HMX Pharmacology: Questions With CompleteSolutions
Dosage can be distributed by ideal _______ or the weight of the ________ Right
Ans - ideal, patient
A drug is classified from its ______________ Right Ans - chemical structure,
mechanism of action, therapeutic effect, disease or disorder which the drug
treats
the study of how a substance reacts with a living organism in the the
treatment of disease Right Ans - Pharmacology
the act of large unnecessary amounts of active drugs can cause damaging
effects Right Ans - toxicity
binds to molecular target in the central nervous system and changes the way
the body senses pain Right Ans - Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Administration to or by the way of the mouth
Group: Enteral
Possible Drug Forms: Tablet
Onset of action: Slow
Effects: Local or systemic
Advantage: Convenience
Disadvantage: Large dose required Right Ans - oral
Administration beneath the tongue
Group: Enteral
Possible drug forms: Tablet
Onset of action: Fast
Effects: Systemic
Advantage: Avoids first -pass metabolism
Disadvantage: Only suitable for small doses Right Ans - sublingual
Administration of the rectum
Group:Enteral
,Possible drug forms: Suppository
Onset of Action: Slow
Effects: Local or systemic
Advantage: Useful for patients unable to swallow drugs.
Disadvantage: Variable drug absorption Right Ans - Rectal
Administration of Nose
Group:Topical
Possible drug forms: Solution(Spray)
Onset of action: Fast
Effects: Local
Advantage: Conveniences
Disadvantage: Can produce unwanted systemic effects Right Ans - Nasal
Administration to the external eye
Group: Topical
Possible drug forms: Solution (spray to drops)
Onset of action: Fast
Effects: Local
Advantage: Conveniences
Disadvantage:Only suitable in small doses Right Ans - Ocular
Administration within the respiratory tract by inhaling through the nose
and/or mouth
Group: Topical
Possible drug form: Aerosol Right Ans - Inhalation
Administration through the skin to the systemic circulation
Group: Transdermal Right Ans - Transdermal
Administration beneath the skin
Group: Parenteral Right Ans - subcutaneous
Administration within a muscle
Group: Parenteral Right Ans - intramuscular
Administration within or into a vein or veins
Group: Parenteral
,Possible drug forms: Solution (injection or infusion) Right Ans -
Intravenous
Administration within the cerebrospinal fluid
Group: Pareneral Right Ans - Intrathecal
Through injection of infusion
Don't involve the GI tract
Injection are pointed to the subcutaneous layer of the skin
-instantaneous in response Right Ans - parenteral route
action of placing a drug directly in the vein or bloodstream under the skin
Right Ans - intravenous
injection pointed into the muscular layer Right Ans - Intramascular
route involve the spinal canal and into cerebrospinal fluid
Quick action
Used if target tissue is the brain Right Ans - Inrathecal
route places drug directly into the heart Right Ans - Intracardiac
route places drugs into the bloodstream with rapids onset auction
Common used to bypass the blood-brain barrier Right Ans - Intravenous
route places drugs into the artery Right Ans - Intra-arterial
are in the peritoneal cavity Right Ans - intra-articular
directly into the eye Right Ans - intravitreal
a parenteral route injection using hormones of epinephrine and bupivacaine
Right Ans - Epidural
the amount of drug that is available in the systemic circulation Right Ans -
bioavailable
Applied to skin
Lotion of patch form
, Absorbed directly into the bloodstream to produce systemic effect
The drug must be fat-soluble, which is rare Right Ans - Transdermal route
Only __________ molecules drugs can penetrate soo many layers of skin Right
Ans - small
Applied to an epithelial surface
Cornea in eyes
Creating a local effect
Ex: Nasal or Ocular route Right Ans - Topical routes
Drugs are delivered to the surface of the lungs in the form of aerosols
Lungs serve as a route of elimination
(Exhalation)
Used to treat asthma
Such as bronchodilators
Systemic side effect Right Ans - Inhalation routes
is delivered under the tongue
In tablet form
Very fast under the tongue due to a large blood supply, and bypassing the liver
from metabolism Right Ans - Sublingual route
is administered directly into the rectal cavity and given as a suppository
Very slow onset of action
Due to the rectum lacking villi, less drug absorption can occur
This route can be unreliable
Useful for local effect, to produce systemic effects
Used for patients who are vomiting or unable to take medically orally Right
Ans - Rectal route
The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
Easy and simply self-administered
Convenient Right Ans - oral route
Most small drugs are ingested this way Right Ans - oral route
Like all ______ administered drugs, it must be metabolized in the liver Right
Ans - orally
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