2. Give example of primary prevention: Sunscreen, not smoking
3. Name 5 secondary preventions for females:
1) monthly self breast exam >20 y.o
2) yearly clinical exam/ mammogram for women >40 y.o and every 3 years for
women between 20-39 y.o 3) annual pelvic exam
4) Pap smear every 3 years if there is no problems. But it is done with the pelvic
exam every year since they are already there
5) colonoscopy at age 50 and every 10 years after that
4. Risk factors for cervical cancer: -
#1 risk factor is HPV
- repeated STDs (=chronic irritation)
- multiple sexual partners ( cuz increases risk of HPV)
- smoking
- prolonged hormonal therapy
- mothers who took DES during pregnancy put their daughters at higher risk - family
history
- sex at a young age and multiple pregnancies
- immunosuppression ( you can't fight off cancer if you're immunosuppressed)
5. Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer:
1) often asymptomatic
2) painless vaginal bleeding
3) watery, blood tinged vaginal discharge
4) leg pain along the sciatic nerve
, 5) flank/back pain
6) pelvic pain with intercourse
7) 100% cure if treated early
6. What is the test that helps diagnose cervical cancer?: Pap smear
7. Treatment of cervical cancer: 1) electrosurgical excision
2) laser
3) cryosurgery
4) radiation and chemo for late stages
5) conization (remove part of the cervix to preserve fertility)
6) hysterectomy
8. Risk factors for uterine cancer: 1) greater than 50 y.o
2) taking estrogen therapy with out progesterone
3) family hx
4) late menopause
5) no pregnancy ( reproductive difficulties increase risk)
9. Signs and symptoms do uterine cancer:
1) major symptom; post menopausal bleeding ( 50% chance that it's cancer!)
2) watery, bloody vaginal discharge
3) low back pain
4) pelvic pain
10. What tests do you use to diagnose uterine cancer?: 1) CA-125 (blood test)
to rule out ovarian involvement
2) tests to evaluate for metastasis; - chest X-ray
- barium enema
- CT scan
- liver and bone scan - IV pyelogram
3) the most definitive diagnosis test is a D & C (dilation and curettage) and
endometrial biopsy
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