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Maps and Mapping Exam 2 | 169 Actual Questions and Answers | Latest 2024
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Maps and Mapping Exam 2 | 169 Actual Questions and Answers | Latest 2024
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Maps and Mapping Exam 2 | 169 ActualQuestions and Answers | Latest 2024
Horizontal Position - ANSWER Location of points
Location of Areas (land survey systems)
points - ANSWER A relative position: a method of descrbing a position from
the position of another object or ones present position
Ex: get lost, go east
place names - ANSWER place names are often used to indicate their relative
position to another place
Ex: North Caroline, West VA, South Dakota
place organization - ANSWER •Block addresses: count out from a central
intersection
New York/Washington DC- grid systems, DC has long diagonal boulevards
US routes - ANSWER originally a coordination among the states to assign
numbers making navigation easier, not a federal project
• E-W: even numbers that increase southward
• N-S: odd numbers that increase westward
US interstate highways - ANSWER • E-W even numbers that increase
northward
• N-S odd numbers that increase eastward
,absolute location - ANSWER • Cartesian coordinates: (x,y) systems: measures
units equally along each axis
cannot be used on earth because it does not fit a sphere
used on plane surfaces
locates any point from a prescribes origin
graticule - ANSWER lat/long
latitude - ANSWER • A system of angular measurement measured in Degrees,
Minutes, Seconds
• Latitude- measures angles n/s from the equator position in given as an angle
from the Equator
Bburg- 37 deg, 14 min N
longitude - ANSWER 0-180, measurement of e/w position.
o No logical start point, but we use Greenwich England 1884 agreement Prime
Meridian
o May see maps with other PM's esp older maps of foreign production
Bburg:80 deg 25 W
antemeridian - ANSWER the 180 line opposite the 0 degree line
• international date line generally follows this longitude and passes over very little
land
,Longitude and Time: - ANSWER Being on the east coast of the US, we usually
think of time as losing one hour every ~10-15° we move west, thus somewhere
had to be located a line between days!
180° is it!
Graticule system measures angles - ANSWER of arc around the Earth, it does
not measure distance in the typical manner
• 1 degree latitude~ 69 mi everywhere
• 1 degree long ~ 69 mi *COS (lat)
o longitude converges towards poles
conversion of angle to distance - ANSWER • meridians converge toward the
poles and there is no longitude at the pole itself
o 1 deg long at 0 deg = 69 mi
o 1 deg long at 30 deg = 59.17 mi
o 1 deg long at 60 deg = 34.5 mi
o 1 deg long at 89 deg - 1.204 mi
o 1 deg at 90 deg = 0
state plane coordinate system SPC - ANSWER Planar system designated in the
1930s by the US coast and geodetic survey provides:
• a zone or more for each state as needed to eet the standard required
• mandated that not over 0.01% error between projection on which it is based
and surveys of the corresponding earth-based point. This requirement effectively
limits how wide a zonr can be
, 1927 SPC zones - ANSWER - took 120 zones in 48 US states to be this accurate
• projection was a:
o Lambert conformal conic for e/w trending states- 2 standard parallels
o OR transverse Mercator for N/S trending states- 1 central meridians
Lambert conformal conic - ANSWER scale only correct along the two standard
parallels
error in position increases perpendicular to them
State Plane coordinates (SPC)- widely used state projection systems - ANSWER
• NAD27 zones: 0.01% accuracy required, units were feet
• NAD83 zones- having fewer zones suggests lower accuracy, but more
convenience as there are fewer zones per state, units are not meters
SPC creation - ANSWER • Any map projection has no positional error at the
standard lines(s), and it grows perpendicular to the line(s)
• Zone extended from standard line as far as possible until
1. We hit a state boundary
2. 0.1% error reached
3. Origin is a FALSE origin as it has no meaning in its location
measurements SPC - ANSWER location measures are called (false) easting's
and (false) northings because the origins are located arbitrarily to keep all
coordinates positive
• Format is (# feet E, # feet N) State, Zone
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