Bulimia Nervosa
~ a disorder characterized by frequent binge eating and self-induced vomiting
associated with loss on control related to eating and a persistent concern with body
image.
Parenteral nutrition (PN)
~ refers to the administration of nutrients by a route other than the GI tra...
Two major dysfunctions present in the process of cancer are:
✓~ :(1) defective cellular proliferation (growth) and (2) defective cellular
differentiation.
cancer cells divide indiscriminately and haphazardly and sometimes__
✓~ __produce more than two cells at the time of mitosis.
Through differentiation__
✓~ __cells become capable of performing only specific functions.
Protooncogenes are__
✓~ __normal cellular genes that are important regulators of normal cellular processes
that keep them in their mature, functioning state.
,When protooncogenes are mutated__
✓~ __they can begin to function as oncogenes (tumor-inducing genes).
Tumors can be classified as__
✓~ __benign or malignant.
Benign neoplasms are __
✓~ __well-differentiated.
Malignant neoplasms range from__
✓~ __well-differentiated to undifferentiated.
The stages of cancer include__
✓~ __initiation, promotion, and progression.
The first stage, initiation, is a __
, ✓~ __mutation in the cell's genetic structure resulting from an inherited mutation, an
error that occurs during DNA replication, or following exposure to a chemical,
radiation, or viral agent.
Promotion, the second stage in the development of cancer, is characterized by
__
✓~ __the reversible proliferation of the altered cells.
Progression, the final stage, is characterized by __
✓~ __increased growth rate of the tumor, increased invasiveness, and spread of the
cancer to a distant site (metastasis).
Metastasis is __
✓~ __a multistep process in which tumor cells travel to distant sites via lymphatic
and hematogenous routes.
The most frequent sites of metastasis are __
✓~ __lungs, bone, brain, liver, and adrenal glands.
, Since cancer cells arise from normal human cells__
✓~ __the immune response that is mounted against cancer cells may be inadequate to
effectively eradicate them.
Cancer cells may display altered cell surface antigens__
✓~ __called tumor-associated antigens, as a result of malignant transformation.
Immunologic surveillance is __
✓~ __response of the immune system to tumor-associated antigens.
The process by which cancer cells evade the immune system is termed __
✓~ __immunologic escape.
Tumors can be classified according to__
✓~ __anatomic site, histologic grading, and extent of disease (staging).
In the anatomic classification of tumors, the tumor is identified by__
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Latestupdate. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
