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Exam (elaborations)

NR507 Midterm Exam Questions And Answers

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ILD s/s ~ dyspnea non-productive cough hypoxemia fine (velcro-like) crackles fever clubbing extrapulmonary symptoms hemoptysis, chest pain, wheezing -relatively uncommon but can occur interstitial lung disease (ILD) excludes: ~ infectious and neoplastic diseases ILD characterized by: ...

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  • August 8, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • NR507
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NR507 Midterm Exam
Questions And Answers

Innate immunity


✓~ the immunity we are born with




Immune response: 3 levels/lines of protection


✓~ 1st line: physical, mechanical, & biochemical barriers




2nd line: the inflammatory response




3rd line: lymphocyte production




most important immune defense


✓~ intact skin and mucous membranes (impermeable barrier)




PAMP

,✓~ pathogen associated molecular pattern




surfaces of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes are covered with many foreign

proteins




foreign




DAMP


✓~ damage associated molecular pattern




many proteins are released from inside our cells when they are damaged




foreign




PRR


✓~ pattern recognition receptors




surfaces of WBCs contain these receptor sites

,-continuously interact with any material they encounter to ID it as "self" or

"non-self" (foreign; PAMP or DAMP)




Chemotaxis


✓~ Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus




Phagocytosis


✓~ "cell eating"

1. opsonization and adherence


2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag


3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome


4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic

chemicals inside the lysosomes


5. egestion




Hypersensitivity Type 1:_____


✓~ Allergic reaction

, Hypersensitivity: Type 1


Mediated by ______


✓~ IgE




Hypersensitivity: Type 1


Inflammation due to _____________


✓~ mast cell degranulation




Hypersensitivity: Type 1


local symptoms


✓~ itching, rash




Hypersensitivity: Type 1


systemic symptoms


✓~ wheezing




Hypersensitivity: Type 1


most dangerous form

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