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PHARMACOLOGY PENN FOSTER EXAM WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS |LATEST UPDATE$20.49
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PHARMACOLOGY PENN FOSTER EXAM WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS |LATEST UPDATE
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Course
PHARMACOLOGY PENN FOSTER
Institution
PHARMACOLOGY PENN FOSTER
PHARMACOLOGY PENN FOSTER
EXAM WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
|ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS
|LATEST UPDATE
PHARMACOLOGY PENN FOSTER
EXAM 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
|ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS
|LATEST UPDATE
Describe the difference between an agonist and an opioid antagonist
An agonist is a drug that combines with a receptor to bring about an action and an antagonist combines
with a receptor to block the action.
Define: neurotransmitter
A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance released by a nerve ending at the synapse. It acts on the
adjacent neuron to stimulate, inhibit, or change its activity.
The area of the brain that serves to relay information from the spinal cord and brainstem to the
interpretation center in the cerebrum is the_____
Thalamus
Most CNS drugs act by _____ or _____ the effects of neurotransmitters.
Interrupting he generation or conduction of nerve impulses; interfering with
What are the primary neurotransmitters for adrenergic receptors?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
List the four primary ways in which drugs affect the ANS.
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,mimicking neurotransmitters, interfering with neurotransmitters release, blocking the attachment of
neurotransmitters to receptors and interfering with the breakdown of neurotransmitters
List five indications for the use of cholinergic agents
Control vomiting, treat urinary retention, stimulate GI activity, treat glaucoma and to aid in diagnosis of
myasthenia gravis.
Atropine, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate, and aminopentamide are examples of what specific drug class?
Cholinergic blocking agents
What category of drug is used to treat cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock?
adrenergic (sympathomimetic)
Propranolol is an example of which category of drug?
Beta Blocker
What are some adverse side effects of xylazine and what drug may be used to antagonize its effects
Bradycardia and hypotension can be antagonized by using atropine, respiratory depression or excessive
CNS depression can be antagonized by using yohimbine
Why would you be concerned about using a thiobarbiturate to induce anesthesia in a very thin dog?
Thiobarbiturates are fat soluble which means fat acts like a sponge to take barbiturate out of circulation
and away from CNS. thin animals will not absorb as much in to fat tissues and more will remain in
bloodstream and may cause excessive depression of the CNS.
What are some of the characteristics of a cat anesthetized with ketamine?
Analgesia, increased muscle tone, maintenance of pharyngeal/laryngeal reflexes, muscle tremors, loss of
blink reflex.
List some of the signs of a narcotic overdose
Respiratory depression, cardiac depression, agitation, excitement, or seizures
List two narcotic antagonists
naloxone and nalorphine
Why should glyceryl guaiacolate not be mixed until just before use?
Because it tends to precipitate out of solution when stored
you are assisting the delivery of a litter of puppies and you deliver one that is not breathing adequately.
What drug would the vet instruct to give and by what route?
Doxapram (Dopram) may be administered under tongue or into umbilical vein, or by intramuscular
injection.
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,Why are euthanasia solutions that contain only pentobarbital classified as Class II controlled substances,
whereas those that contain pentobarbital and other substances are classified as Class III controlled
substances?
Some pentobarbital agents have a red dye added to distinguish them from pentobarbital agents that
may be used for anesthesia. They are easily identified as euthanasia agents and have less potential for
abuse
All psychotherapy drugs are thought to produce their effects by altering ______ activity in the brain.
Neurotransmitter
Dissociative agents such as ketamine and tiletamine may cause _____ at the injection site
Burning
A hypnotic (anesthetic) known for its very short duration and white color is_____
Propofol
An inhibitory neurotransmitter that is widely distributed in the brain is_____
GABA
A benzodiazepine that s used as an antianxiety medication and as an appetite stimulant in cats is _____
Diazepam
An example of a tricyclic antidepressant used in vet med for separation anxiety in dogs is_____
Clomicalm
_____ is used to treat old-dog dementia
Anipryl
The nervous system carries out activity very rapidly by sending electric-like messages over a network of
nerve fibers. The ____ system works much more slowly by sending chemical messengers through the
bloodstream to target structures.
endocrine
The ___nervouse system is under voluntary control
Somatic
the _____ is the fundamental unit of the nervous system
neuron
Axons carry electric-like messages ____ (from) the nerve cell, and dendrites carry electric-like messages
_____ (from) the nerve cell.
Away: toward
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, Neurotransmitters cannot be mimicked or blocked by the use of appropriate drugs, and that is why
patients with nervous system disorders do not have a very good prognosis. T/F?
False
the ANS is that portion of the nervous system that controls _____ body activities.
Unconscious
the neurotransmitter for cholinergic sites is_____
acetylchoine
Epinephrine is responsible for all of the following except____
a. can cause an increase in metabolic rate
b. can cause an increase in heart rate and cardiac output
c. communication with stem cells in bone marrow
d. can constrict blood vessels in the skin.
c. communication with stem cells in bone marrow
Xylazine is antagonized by _____
Yohimbine
All of the following are benzodiazepines except _____
a. yohimbine
b. diazepam
c. alprazolam
d. lorazepam
a. yohimbine
What structures would a molecule of oxygen pass over or through as it travels from the environment to
the alveoli?
Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
what are the 4 primary functions of the respiratory system?
oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange, regulation of acid base balance, body temperature regulation and
voice production.
describe the functions of the three basic defense mechnaisms of the respiratory system
Structures in the nasal passages filter, warm, and humidify inspired air. The cough, sneeze and reverse
sneeze attempt to remove foreign material that has entered the respiratory system Mucocilliary
mechanism also removes foreign material from the respiratory system. Macrophages and
immunoglobulins inactivate or destroy invasive organisms.
What are three important principles of respiratory therapeutics?
Control of secretions, control of reflexes, maintenance of normal airflow
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