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BIO 3300 questions with correct answers
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BIO 3300 questions with correct answers
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BIO 3300 questions with correct answersevolution is Correct Answer-the change in
form(morphology)/behaviour/DNA/RNA of an organism over time
-
Phylogeny example of cats Correct Answer-- Node is shown where the
most recent common ancestor of a lynx and a bobcat. The node branches
off into two sister taxa, the bobcat and the lynx.
- Overtime speciation events occurred causing coat colour and spots
disappear or change.
Lamarck (1809) argued: Correct Answer-- species change into new
species due to the inheritance of acquired traits (dyeing hair, ear pericing
etc.)
- Go from giraffe that has a short neck to one that has a long neck
because trees get higher and overtime only those with long necks will
survive.
- Lamarch believed that you had different species but they would change
overtime in a linear process, no branching patterns.
- TIME: 12:08 minutes left
• Mendel
• Wallace and Darwin Correct Answer-- evolution (descent with
modification) and natural selection
,- evolution is not progressive. Newer and more modified animals is not
always better.
- evolution is not 1-dimensional. Bifurcation of animals on the
phylogeny shows that evolution is not one dimensional, species and go
extinct, all species share a common ancestor.
Natural Selection Correct Answer-• some individuals in a population
produce more offspring than others (i.e., are more fit) Fit as in better
suited to produce more offspring in their zone of living.
• Whichever individuals have a higher fitness, the more offspring they
will produce and their alleles will be passed on through generations in
higher numbers.
• Allele frequencies are going to change, the alleles that are gonna
increase are the ones that are better adapted.
Adaptations Correct Answer-• organisms are adapted to their
environment as a result of natural selection.
•
Adaptations
- What are some adaptations found in woodpeckers? Correct Answer--
Beak, pointed and hard to drill into a tree.
- Tongue
- neck muscle
- tail feathers
- curved toes
,- SHort legs
- colouration.
What happens with adaptations? Correct Answer-Depending on the
environment different adaptations will be selected for in different
populations.
- Darwin's finches: huge diversity in beak shape. 2.3 MYA most recent
common ancestor of all the finches colonized the Galapagos islands.
From this common ancestor a large diversity of finches arose. This is
because there were no birds on this island and there was a large diversity
of niches and habitats these birds could take over and these birds
evolved to better suite these niches, seed eating finches, cactus eating,
insect eating and bud eating. These different diets resulted in the
different beak shapes, and those with the beak shape better adapted to
receiving this food survived and reproduced, higher fitness.
Modern Synthesis
• Fisher, Wright and Haldane Correct Answer-- combined natural
selection (Wallace and Darwin) and Mendelian inheritance (Mendel).
They combined the idea of how things are inherited with how natural
selection can selected for different alleles to create the field of
population genetics.
• pop'n genetics: how one species becomes two. How speciation can
occur.
• Small gradual changes can start to occur, and natural selection can act
to either increase the rate of change (In terms of causing those alleles to
go to fixation or high frequencies) or remove them from the population
completely.
, Origin of HIV,
- HIV2 Correct Answer-•HIV2 is more commonly found in west Africa.
•suggested that it didn't transfer from the sooty mangabeys to humans
once, but multiple times.
•HIV2 is a lot less virulent.
allele Correct Answer-sequence variant at a locus.
- Two sequences that correspond to the same gene and one of them at
potion 5 has an A while the other one at potion 5 has a T, those are two
different alleles.
- Both alleles encode the same gene
locus(loci plural): Correct Answer-position on chromosome
- Can be either a whole gene or just a random chunk of DNA.
allele frequency Correct Answer-the proportion of a specific allele in a
pop'n
- freq A = # copies of A/2N(sample size) (2N for diploid)
- The frequency of specific alleles in a population.
- There are 20 homozygous dominant individuals with the AA allele and
30 heterozygous with the Aa allele and finally 50 homozygous recessive
individuals with aa allele. In this population everyone is diploid.
- The frequency of the A is 20+20+30 (both copies from dominant and
one from heterozygous) =70 and then 70/(2x100)=0.35 or 35%
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