NR 293 - EXAM 1
Drug - - correct answer Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a
living organism
Pharmacology - - correct answer The study or science of drugs
Chemical Name - - correct answer Describes the drug's chemical composition and
molecular structure (not usually used in nursing)
Generic Name - - correct answer Name given by the United States Adopted
Names council. The universal name, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Trade Name - - correct answer AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered
trademark, use of the name is restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin
and Advil, they are both ibuprofen
Pharmaceutics - - correct answer The study of how various drug forms influence
the way in which the drug affects the body.
Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc.
Pharmacodynamics - - correct answer The study of what the drug does to the
body. The mechanism of drug actions in living tissues and drug-receptor
relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics - - correct answer The clinical use of drugs to prevent and
treat disease. Defines principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that
change in response to the presence of drug molecules. Drugs are organized into
pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives.
Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes
Pharmacognosy - - correct answer The study of natural drug sources, like plants,
animals and minerals.
Pharmaceutic Properties - - correct answer Different drug dosage forms have
different properties. Dosage form determines the rate of drug dissolution.
Enteric-coated tablets protect patients from stomach irritation.
Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - - correct answer 1. Oral disintegration,
buccal tabs, and oral soluble wafers
2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups
,NR 293 - EXAM 1
3. Suspension solutions
4. Powders
5. Capsules
6. Tablets
7. Coated tablets
8. Enteric-coated tabletes
Pharmacokinetics - - correct answer The study of what the body does to the
drug. A drug's time to onset of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action.
-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - - correct answer Movement of a drug from its
site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - - correct answer A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a
given drug and route. Giving a med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med
in the bloodstream, none is lost.
First-Pass Effect - - correct answer The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug
absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you
give a PO med, the GI system digests, liver transforms, and then it reaches the
bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the bloodstream, you lose some as it
travels.
Enteral Route of Drug Administration - - correct answer The drug is absorbed into
the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine.
Types of enteral are oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal.
Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - - correct answer Though an IV, IM,
subcutaneous, intradermal, intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular
Topical Route of Drug Administration - - correct answer Skin, eyes, ears, nose,
lungs, rectum, vagina
, NR 293 - EXAM 1
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - - correct answer The transport of a drug by the
bloodstream to its site of action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble,
blood-brain barrier.
Protein-Binding Drugs - - correct answer After you take the medication, it is in
the blood attached to protein, mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin,
it works as a slow release, only the free unbound drug is therapeutic. The bound
drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are protein-binding are blood
thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too much free-
drug.
Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - - correct answer The
biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble
compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active metabolite.
Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma,
intestinal mucosa.
Factors the Decrease Metabolism - - correct answer Cardiovascular dysfunction,
renal insufficiency, starvation, obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and
ketoconazole therapy
Factors the Increase Metabolism - - correct answer Fast acetylator, barbiturate
therapy, rifampin therapy, and phenytoin therapy
Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - - correct answer The elimination of drugs from the
body by the kidneys (main organ), liver, bowel
Drug Half-Life - - correct answer The time it takes for one half of the original
amount of a drug to be removed from the body. A measure of the rate at which a
drug is removed from the body. Most drugs are considered to be effectively
removed after about 5 half-lives.
Steady State - - correct answer If you give medications around the clock,
eventually the meds you give are equal to the meds removed in half-life
Drug Actions - - correct answer The cellular processes involved in the drug and
cell interaction
Drug Effect - - correct answer The physiologic reaction of the body to the drug.
Includes onset, peak, and duration of action.
