NSG 300 Topic 6 Nutrition Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 300
Institution
NSG 300
What is the main source of energy in a diet carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates monosaccharides and disaccharides (sugars)
Complex carbohydrates polysaccharides (starches and fibers) Have longer lasting energy
Amino acid simplest form of a protein
Indispensible amino acids Provided through diet ...
NSG 300 Topic 6 Nutrition Review
Questions and Correct Answers
What is the main source of energy in a diet ✅carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates ✅monosaccharides and disaccharides (sugars)
Complex carbohydrates ✅polysaccharides (starches and fibers)
Have longer lasting energy
Amino acid ✅simplest form of a protein
Indispensible amino acids ✅Provided through diet because the body does not make
them
Dispensable amino acids ✅The body synthesizes these
Positive nitrogen balance ✅·when the intake of nitrogen is greater than the output.
Positive nitrogen balance is required for.., ✅growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance
of lean muscle mass and vital organs, and wound healing. The body uses nitrogen to
build, repair, and replace body tissues.
Negative nitrogen balance ✅·occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains
(e.g., with infection, burns, fever, starvation, head injury, and trauma).
The increased nitrogen loss is the result of... ✅body tissue destruction or loss of
nitrogen-containing body fluids. Nutrition during this period needs to provide nutrients to
put patients into positive balance for healing.
What is the most calorie dense nurtrient ✅fats
What are chemicals that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions ✅vitamins
Vitamins are ✅organic compounds that are essential to normal metabolism
Water soluble vitamins ✅B complex and vitamin C
Absorb easily from the GI tract, they are not stored (urinate out)
Fat soluble vitamins ✅Vitamins A, D, E, K
Stored in the fatty compartments of the body
, Minerals are ✅inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical
reactions.
Macrominerals ✅any of the minerals that people require daily in amounts over 100 mg
Microminerals/ trace elements ✅any of the minerals that people require daily in
amounts less than 100 mg
Enzymes ✅the protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical
reactions. They are an essential part of the chemistry of digestion.
Ptyalin (salivary amylase) ✅enzyme that acts on cooked starch to begin conversion to
maltose
Chief cells in stomach secrete ✅pepsinogen
What secretes gastrin? ✅G cells (pyloric clads)
Gastrin ✅a hormone that triggers parietal cells to secrete hydrochloric acid (hcl
Parietal cells ✅secrete hcl and intrinsic factor (IF), which is necessary for absorption of
vitamin b12in the ileum.
Fat and starch digestion begin when the body produces... ✅gastric lipase and amylase
Bile ✅stored in gallbladder and it acts as a detergent because it emulsifies fat to permit
enzyme action while suspending fatty acids in solution.
Dietary reference intakes (dris) ✅Acceptable range of quantities of vitamins and
minerals for each gender and age group
What are the Four components of dietary reference intakes (dris) ✅1. Estimated
average requirement (EAR)
2. Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
3. Adequate intake (AI)
4. Tolerable upper intake level (UL)
Estimated average requirement (EAR) ✅amount of nutrient that appears sufficient to
maintain a specific body function for 50% of population based on age and gender.
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) ✅average needs of 98% of population, not
exact needs of an individual.
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