NSG 300 Exam 2 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 300
Institution
NSG 300
Older adults and skin changes: sebaceous and sweat gland activity decreases epidermis thins and flattens as vascularity to dermis decreases. epidermal permeability is increased, reducing efficiency of barrier function. Dermis is less elastic, loses collagen and elastic fibers, and shrinks. Subcutan...
NSG 300 Exam 2 Review Questions and
Correct Answers
Older adults and skin changes: ✅sebaceous and sweat gland activity decreases
epidermis thins and flattens as vascularity to dermis decreases.
epidermal permeability is increased, reducing efficiency of barrier function.
Dermis is less elastic, loses collagen and elastic fibers, and shrinks.
Subcutaneous tissue decreases especially in extremities.
gray hair is decreased number of functioning melanocytes.
diminished inflammatory response
pressure injury ✅damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by
prolonged pressure, usually over bony prominence
what is skin tolerance affected by? ✅nutrition, perfusion and condition of skin,
decreased sensory perception
top down damage ✅o Superficial
o Caused by superficial shear or friction
o Presents as red skin
bottom up damage ✅pressure intensity
pressure duration
tissue tolerance
skin assessment on dark skin ✅assess changes in sensation, temp, consistency,
blue/purple indicates deep tissue injury. edema
pressure intensity ✅causes tissue ischemia or cell death, non blanchable erythema
pressure duration ✅Low pressure over prolonged period of time &/or High pressure
over a short period of time
-pressures occur quickly (1-2hrs)
tissue tolerance ✅the ability of tissue to endure pressure depends on the integrity of
the tissue and the supporting structures
Tissue Tolerance: Extrinsic Factors ✅shear, friction, and moisture
tissue tolerance: systemic factors ✅poor nutrition, aging, hydration, low BP
risk factors for developing a pressure ulcer ✅Impaired sensory perception
, Impaired mobility
Alteration in LOC
Shear
Friction
Moisture
shear ✅the sliding movement of skin and subcutaneous tissue while the underlying
muscle and bone are stationary (deep tissue injury)
friction ✅A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
(superficial damage)
Stage 1 pressure ulcer ✅intact skin with nonblanchable redness
stage 2 pressure ulcer ✅partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or
both. wound bed is pink or red and moist, no fat visible, no granulation tissue, slough, or
eschar
stage 4 pressure ulcer ✅Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or
tendon
stage 3 pressure ulcer ✅full thickness tissue loss with visible fat, granulation tissue
and rolled wound edges, slough and eschar may be visible, undermining and tunneling
may occur
deep tissue pressure injury ✅persistent non-blanchable deep red, maroon, or purple
discoloration
partial thickness wound ✅The dermis and epidermis of the skin are broken
full thickness wound ✅the dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous tissue are penetrated;
muscle and bone may be involved
How does a partial thickness wound heal? ✅by regeneration: inflammatory response,
epithelial proliferation and migration, reestablishment of epidermal layers (heals faster if
moist)
How does a full thickness wound heal? ✅forming new tissue: hemostasis,
inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation
Primary intention healing ✅tissue surfaces are approximated (closed) and there is
minimal or no tissue loss, formation of minimal granulation tissue and scarring (surgical
incision)
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