Exam (elaborations)
NURS 6902 FLUIDS TEST
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NURS 6902 FLUIDS TEST...
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NURS 6902 FLUIDS TESTTotal body water (TBW) - ANSWER Males 60%, females 50%, elderly have less
d/t increased fat and decreased muscle
Elderly - ANSWER More prone to dehydration d/t lower percentage of TBW
Extracellular fluid - ANSWER fluid outside the cell; 1/3 of TBW —> this includes
plasma (1/4), and interstitial fluid (3/4)
Intracellular fluid - ANSWER Fluid inside the cell. 2/3 of TBW
Isotonic fluid - ANSWER Same tonicity as blood. 0.9% normal saline, lactated
ringers; given when the goal is to increase the intravascular volume AKA increase
blood pressure
Hypotonic fluid - ANSWER Given to a patient when you want to fill up their
vessels; this is given when someone is very dehydrated; 0.45% normal saline
(dehydration), D5W (hypoglycemia/dehydration)
Hypertonic - ANSWER 3% saline; only given to someone with severe
hyponatremia and cerebral edema
Sensible fluid loss - ANSWER Loss that is seen; feces and urine
Insensible fluid loss - ANSWER Loss that is not seen; sweat and respirations
Abnormal fluid loss - ANSWER vomiting, wound drainage, hemorrhage; often
from a disruption in skin integrity
Plasma protein - ANSWER Holds onto fluid in the vascular space; most abundant
is albumin —> adequate albumin is necessary to hold onto fluid in the vessels; if
someone is dehydrated and their albumin is low, giving them fluids won't help
Glucose - ANSWER Osmotically active and can draw water out of the ICF into the
ECF; increased glucose causes PID (Particle induced dieresis) —> polyuria due to
the kidneys trying to rid excess glucose
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