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NURS 6901 ENDOCRINE EXAM LATEST UPDATED
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NURS 6901 ENDOCRINE EXAMLATEST UPDATED
What is the adenohypophysis? - ANSWER This is the anterior pituitary
What does the adenohypophysis secrete? - ANSWER 1. GH
2. TSH
3. ACTH
4. FSH
5. LH
6. Prolactin
What is the neurohypophysis? - ANSWER posterior pituitary gland
What does the neurohypophysis do? - ANSWER It receives hormones from the
hypothalamus, stores them, and releases them
What hormones does the neurohypophysis store? - ANSWER ADH
Oxytocin
What are the portions of the adrenal cortex? - ANSWER Think GFR
1. Zona Glomerulosa (outermost layer)
2. Zona fascuculata (middle layer)
3. Zona reticularis (innermost layer)
What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?
,What controls it? - ANSWER It secretes mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and is
controlled by the RAS system
What does the zona fascuculata secrete?
What controls it? - ANSWER It secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) and is stimulated
in response to ACTH release from the adenohypophysis
Adrenal Medulla
What does it secrete?
What stimulates it? - ANSWER This is in the most central portion of the adrenal
glands and secretes Epi (80%) and Norepi (20%)
The SNS pre-ganglionic nerve synapses directly on here and when stimulated, will
cause the chromaffin cells to release epi/norepi
Where is the thyroid gland located? - ANSWER This is located on the anterior
trachea, between the cricoid cartilage and suprasternal notch
What hormones does the thyroid release? - ANSWER In response to TRH, it will
release:
T3 (7%)
T4 (93%)
Triiodothyronine (T3) - ANSWER This is the primary thyroid hormone that
stimulates target tissues and is more potent
Thyroxine (T4) - ANSWER This is less potent than T3, and when it reaches the
target tissue, it will be de-iodinated into T3
What are the functions of thyroid hormone? - ANSWER 1. Activates gene
transcription and initiates protein formation
2. Increases protein synthesis and catabolism
3. Tissue growth
Where is the parathyroid gland located? - ANSWER posterior surface of the
thyroid gland
, What hormone does the parathyroid gland release? - ANSWER Parathyroid
Hormone (PTH)
This plays a role in the homeostasis of Ca levels in the body
It is secreted in response to low Ca levels or high phosphate
What are the physiologic functions of the parathyroid? - ANSWER 1. Hemostasis
2. Hormone release
3. Muscle contraction
4. Bone formation
5. Cell division
How does PTH affect the bones? - ANSWER · Low Ca levels increase PTH, which
will activate osteoclasts (break down bone and release Ca)
· High Ca: PTH will be decreased, and through the negative feedback loop cause
calcium and phosphate to be deposited in bone
How does PTH affect the intestines? - ANSWER When Ca is low, PTH will
stimulate intestinal uptake of calcium by active vitamin D
How does PTH affect the kidney? - ANSWER · Increases Ca reabsorption and
phosphate excretion
What is the inactive form of Vit D? - ANSWER cholecalciferol
Hydroxylated in the liver and kidney to active form
What is the active form of Vit D? - ANSWER 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol
(Calcitrol)
What are the islets of Langerhans? - ANSWER These are the endocrine portion of
the pancreas that produce hormones that are secreted directly into the capillaries
What do alpha cells release? - ANSWER glucagon
What does glucagon do? - ANSWER o Hormone of energy release
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