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NURS 2101 EXAM 2 WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NURS 2101 EXAM 2 WITH QUESTIONS ANDVERIFIED ANSWERS
Which term is used to describe the nares of a patient after a nasal culture is positive
for MRSA?
a. Reservoir
b. Portal of entry
c. Susceptible host
d. Mode of transmission - ANSWER a. Reservoir
A place in which microorganisms survive, multiply, and wait to transfer to a
susceptible host is called a reservoir. Common reservoirs are humans and animals
(hosts), insects, food, water, and organic matter on inanimate surfaces (fomites).
Frequent reservoirs for health care-acquired infections (HAIs) include health care
workers (especially their hands), patients' body excretions and secretions,
equipment, and the health care environment. A susceptible host is one who will get
an infection. Susceptibility to an infection depends on the individual's degree of
resistance to pathogens. The fact that the nurse has not become ill indicates that he
or she is not very susceptible. Portal of entry describes how the organism entered
the body. Although the MRSA may have used the nasal cavity as the portal of
entry, it now resides there so the nasal cavity is now the reservoir. Mode of
transmission refers to how the organism is passed from one person to another. This
can be from touch, sneezing, coughing, and so on. The nasal cavity is a place, not a
mode of transmission.
Which mode of transmission is demonstrated when the nurse spreads an infection
with the hands after neglecting to perform hand hygiene?
a. Direct
b. Automatic
c. Spontaneous
,d. Uninterrupted - ANSWER a. Direct
The hands of health care workers often transmit microorganisms. This mode of
transmission is called direct transmission. Automatic, spontaneous, and
uninterrupted are not modes of infection transmission.
Which is an example of normal flora?
a. The patient has a tapeworm living in the large intestine.
b. The patient's colon contains bacteria to help assist digestion.
c. The patient's incision is infected with Staphylococcus bacteria.
d. The patient has a viral infection causing nasal congestion and sore throat. -
ANSWER b. The patient's colon contains bacteria to help assist digestion.
Normal flora usually does not cause disease, but instead help to maintain health.
The number and variety of flora maintain a sensitive balance with other
microorganisms to prevent infection. The body's normal flora is made up of a large
numbers of microorganisms residing on the surface and deep layers of the skin, in
the saliva and oral mucosa, and in the intestinal walls. Bacteria within the colon
that help digestion are an example of normal flora. Microorganisms that cause
infection are not considered normal flora.
Which term is used to describe the body's protection against whooping cough after
receiving the pertussis vaccination?
a. Natural passive immunity
b. Natural active immunity
c. Acquired active immunity
d. Acquired passive immunity - ANSWER c. Acquired active immunity
Acquired active immunity is caused when the body creates antibodies after
receiving a vaccination. Acquired passive immunity is when antibodies are
administered via injection to the patient. Natural passive immunity is when
antibodies are passed from mother to fetus via the placenta. Natural active
immunity is when the body creates antibodies after exposure to an infection.
,Which is an example of suprainfection?
a. The patient develops Clostridium difficile diarrhea after taking broad-spectrum
antibiotics.
b. The immunocompromised patient develops an upper respiratory despite
protective isolation precautions.
c. The bacteria in the patient's wound are resistant to cephalosporin and penicillin
antibiotics.
d. The patient's upper respiratory infection progresses to pneumonia with
right-sided pleural effusion. - ANSWER a. The patient develops Clostridium
difficile diarrhea after taking broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Suprainfection develops when the body's normal bacterial flora have been altered
due to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic. Clostridium difficile diarrhea is an
example of suprainfection. Suprainfection is not infection of immunocompromised
patients, resistant bacteria, or development of complications.
The patient's urine cultures tested positive for Escherichia coli (E. coli) following
urinary catheterization. Which term describes this type of infection?
a. Protozoan
b. Endogenous
c. Diagnostic
d. Bactericidal - ANSWER b. Endogenous
An endogenous infection occurs when bacteria that are normally found in one part
of the body are moved to another site that should normally be sterile. E. coli is
normally found in the patient's stool and causes infection when introduced to the
urinary tract. Protozoan infections are caused by parasites. Bactericidal and
diagnostic infections do not exist.
Which action of the nurse will minimize the onset and spread of infection?
a. Insert indwelling urinary catheters to prevent incontinence.
b. Use aseptic technique when providing mouth care to the patient.
, c. Keep the patient's mucus membranes dry to prevent maceration.
d. Use masks and gowns sparingly to reduce the patient's sense of isolation. -
ANSWER b. Use aseptic technique when providing mouth care to the patient.
Invasive treatment devices such as intravenous (IV) catheters or indwelling urinary
catheters impair or bypass the body's natural defenses against microorganisms.
Efforts to minimize the onset and spread of infection are based on the principles of
aseptic technique. Aseptic technique is an effort to keep the patient as free from
exposure to infection-causing pathogens as possible. The term asepsis means the
absence of disease-producing microorganisms. When a person ages, normal
physiological changes occur that influence susceptibility to infection. These
changes include decreased immunity, dry mucus membranes, decreased secretions,
and decreased elasticity in tissues. Because of these changes, the older adult is
predisposed to infections.
The nurse maintains a sterile field when inserting a urinary catheter into the
patient's bladder. Which term best describes the infection control practice of the
nurse?
a. Pathogenesis
b. Bacteriostasis
c. Medical asepsis
d. Surgical asepsis - ANSWER d. Surgical asepsis
Surgical asepsis is also known as sterile technique. The nurse practices surgical
asepsis when inserting a urinary catheter into the patient's bladder in order to
prevent a urinary tract infection. Medical asepsis is a clean technique. The use of
medical asepsis could lead to prevent a urinary tract infection because
microorganisms are reduced rather than eliminated completely. Bacteriostasis is
prevention of bacterial growth. Pathogenesis is the microorganism's ability to cause
disease in the host.
Which assessment finding indicates that the patient is at high risk for infection?
a. The patient is allergic to penicillin, iodine. and watermelon.
b. The patient has a urinary catheter draining clear yellow urine.
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