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Quiz - 1 - Exsc 520 questions and answers graded A+ correct 2024/2025
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Quiz - 1 - Exsc 520 questions and answers graded A+ correct 2024/2025
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Quiz - 1 - Exsc 520Measurement
is the process of comparing a value to a standard. For example, when measure energy expenditure of
fats vs. carbos we use RER for a ratio of co2 exhaled to o2 inhaled.
Data
are the results of measurement.
Statistics
is a mathematical technique by which data are organized, treated, and presented for interpretation and
evaluation. The average, or the standard deviation is an example of a statistic.
Evaluation
is the philosophical process of determining the worth of the data. If something has an alpha value of .03
it is significant. 97% of the participants should an improvement of at least 3 inches on the long jump,
after implementing Nike Air Jordan's.
Reliability
AKA consistency is usually determined by the test-retest method, where the first measure is compared
with a second or third measure. How many times can you hit the bullseye.
Validity
refers to the soundness or the appropriateness of the test in measuring what it is designed to measure.
How close to the center of the bullseye were you?
Objectivity
means that the data are collected without bias by the investigator. When the subject and the investigator
do not know what is being given, it is an optimal double-blind study, with great objectivity.
Nominal scales
subjects are grouped into mutually exclusive categories without qualitative differentiation between the
categories.
frequency Data
For example, a florist categories daises as red daises and blue daises and counted them. Red will be
categorized as group 0 and blue would be group 1.
An ordinal scale AKA rank order
, scale gives quantitative order to the variables but does not indicate how much better one score is than
another. Like a golf leaderboard (- the score).
Interval scale
has equal units, or intervals, of measurement - that is, the same distance exists between each division of
the scale - but has no absolute zero point. Temperature is a fine example of this, because there is no zero
point. BMR is also a measure of this, because no one has an absolute zero BMR unless they are dead.
Ratio
scale is based on order, has equal distance between scale points, and uses zero to represent the absence
of all value. Ratio has no negative numbers, IE the time it takes for puppies to be born, no puppy is born
instantly, and they all take time.
Nominal and ordinal scales are called nonparametric because they do not meet the assumption of
normality.
Independent variable
refers to the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher. Crack cocaine vs. dependent
study effort.
Dependent variable
is dependent on the effects of one or more other variables.
In an observations study Practice time vs Skill
Internal validity
refers to the design of the study itself; it is a measure of the control within the experiment to ascertain
that the results are due to the treatment that was applied. Taking a motor skills test twice will enable
folks to do better on the second try, simply because they practiced the test, not because of any
implementations.
Intervening variables
random factors that can affect/reduce the validity. PT experiments are done in chaos, which means that
it may not be great. Or something like that.
Instrument error
refers to incorrect data that are due to a faulty instrument. Taking bp by an instrument may lead to a
above accurate reading... aka hes not HTN the machine is shit.
Investigator error
occurs when the investigator introduces bias in recording the data. "Which beverage did you prefer"
stairs at the beverage he wants the participant to prefer.
External validity
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