Exam (elaborations)
BIO 669 Exam 1 EC Questions and answers Newest 2024/25 Rated A+
- Course
- Institution
BIO 669 Exam 1 EC Questions and answers Newest 2024/25 Rated A+
[Show more]
Content preview
BIO 669 Exam 1 EC Questions andanswers Newest 2024/25 Rated A+
Hypotension, tachycardia and low urine output are signs of - hypovolemia ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
7.36 ph, high CO2 and high bicarbonate indicates - fully compensated respiratory
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
acidosis
ii
If water consists of 60% of TBW. Choose and assign corresponding percentages (40, 5,15
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
and 20).
ii ii
ICF = ii
ECF=
Interstitial = ii
Intravascular = - ICF=40; ECF=20; Interstitial = 15 and Intravascular = 5 ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Adaptive Immunity is programmed to respond to damage to the body whether the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
damaged tissue is septic or sterile - False .
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity is the third line of defense in human body also called the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
immune response or immunity. Whereas the Innate Immune system is programmed to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
respond to damage to the body whether the damaged tissue is septic or sterile.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
1. A patient in the Medical ICU has +3 pitting edema in the extremities, jaundice, icterus,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
and a grossly distended abdomen. Labs show that his albumin levels are 1.2. Which option
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
below describe the process behind the ascites and pitting edema ?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
ii ii ii
B. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
ii ii ii ii
C. Increased Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
ii ii ii ii
D. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure - B- decreased capillary oncotic pressure
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii Which of the following is NOT a non volatile acid in the body?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A. Lactic acid
ii ii
B. Phosphoric acid
ii ii
C. Hydroxybutyric acid
ii ii
D. Carbonic acid - D- carbonic acid
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In one of the major acid/base buffering systems; the lungs will decrease __________
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
_________ by blowing off carbon dioxide and leaving water and the kidneys will regulate
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the levels of __________ to maintain a safe pH. - Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A patient presents to your office you find; dysthymia, fatigue, decrease bowel sounds,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
thirst, and weakness. What potassium imbalance is this? - Hypokalemia
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
, Hyponatremia usually causes the movement of _________into ____ - Answer: water,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
cells
ii
ii Causes of hypernatremia, include: ii ii ii
A excessive free water intake.
ii ii ii ii
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
ii ii ii ii ii ii
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
ii ii ii ii ii ii
D Cushing syndrome.
ii ii
E ingesting large amounts of dietary sodium. - Answer: B, C, D
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(some Causes of Hypernatremia) ii ii ii
B inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution.
ii ii ii ii ii ii
C over secretion of the hormone aldosterone.
ii ii ii ii ii ii
D Cushing syndrome.
ii ii
Early changes of___________ includes tall __________ - Hyperkalemia, peaked T
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
waves
ii
ii A _______ is caused by an excess protein that is found in the skin during healing. - Keloid
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Your pt has an ST depression as a well as an inverted T-wave, and prominent U wave on
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
EKG monitoring. What lab value is likely responsible?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
a.) Magnesium 2.2 ii ii
b.) Phosphorous 2.0 ii ii
c.) Potassium 2.2 ii ii
d.) Potassium 5.6 - c.) Potassium 2.2
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii What is an electrolyte? ii ii ii
a.) A substance that is responsible for controlling appetite and mood.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
b.) A hormone that is responsible for feelings of alertness throughout the day.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of water
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
d.) All of the above - c.) A mineral that has an electric charge, found dissolved in bodies of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
water
ii
ii Alzheimer's disease is the result of a decrease in which neurotransmitter ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A. Dopamine ii
B. Acetylcholine
ii
C. Norepinephrine
ii
D. Serotonin - B. Acetylcholine
ii ii ii ii ii ii
An excessive amount of this electrolyte can contribute to decreased urine formation, the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
formation of SIADH, weakness, muscle twitching and cerebral edema
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
,A. Potassium
ii
B. Calcium
ii
C. Water ii
D. Sodium - D. Sodium
ii ii ii ii ii ii
All of these are causes of edema except:
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A: Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
ii ii ii ii ii
B: Decreased in plasma oncotic pressure
ii ii ii ii ii
C: Increased in capillary permeability
ii ii ii ii
D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure - D: Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
_________ have similar effects to histamine in later stages
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A: prostaglandins
ii
B: Eosinaphils
ii
C: Leukotrienes
ii
D: Platelet-activating factors - C: Leukotrienes
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Causes of metabolic alkalosis include all the following except:
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
ii ii
B) Hypokalemia
ii
c) Thiazide diuretic therapy
ii ii ii
d) Recurrent vomiting - a) Mineralocorticoid deficiency
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
All are true about metabolic alkalosis except one:
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
a) Associated with hyperkalemia
ii ii ii
b) Associated with decreased ionic calcium concentration
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
c) Can be caused due to Primary hyperaldosteronism
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
d) Can be caused due to Renin secreting tumor - a) Associated with hyperkalemia
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Which of the following are 2 forces that favor filtration?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
ii ii ii
B. Plasma (capillary ) oncotic pressure
ii ii ii ii ii
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
ii ii ii
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure - A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
D. Interstitial oncotic pressure
ii ii ii
Immunization is an example of which type of immunity?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A. Active
ii
, B. Passive - A. Active Immunity
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ii In order for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS what criteria must be met?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
a. CD4 T Cells >400
ii ii ii ii
b. CD4 T Cells <150
ii ii ii ii
c. CD4 T Cells <200
ii ii ii ii
d. CD4 T Cells <400 - c. CD4 T Cells <200
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A 60 year old woman presents with a complicated wound to her left calf. Throughout the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
assessment you gather information from the patient and find out the patient is currently
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
smoking. What information would you give to the patient in regards to her current smoking
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
habits and her complicated wound?
ii ii ii ii ii
a. You can continue to smoke even with your current wound because it will not effect the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
healing process in any way.
ii ii ii ii ii
b. Smoking during the healing process can cause vasoconstriction therefore causing
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ischemia and interrupt the healing process.
ii ii ii ii ii ii
c. There are no reason for you to quit smoking since smoking does not effect our health in
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
any way.
ii ii
d. You should stop smoking because it can increase your risk factors of getting lung
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
disease and cardiovascular disease as well. - b. Smoking during the healing process can
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
cause vasoconstriction therefore causing ischemia and interrupt the healing process.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Non-volatile acids such as lactic acid cannot be converted into a gas and excreted as
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
__________, so they must be buffered through the __________.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
a) C02, kidneys
ii ii
b) HC03, respiratory system
ii ii ii
c) C02, respiratory system
ii ii ii
d) HC03, kidneys - a) C02, kidneys
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
As Na+ travels into the cell, ions travel outside to maintain equality which may lead to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
acid/base imbalances.
ii ii
a) Cl- ii
b) H+ ii
c) Ca++
ii
d) HCO3 - b) H+
ii ii ii ii ii ii
What is the most abundant cation in the extracellular space?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
a. Potassium
ii
b. Chloride
ii
c. Sodium
ii
d. Magnesium - c. Sodium
ii ii ii ii ii ii
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller STUVATE. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79650 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now