Normal arterial blood HCO3 mean value range - correct answer ✔22-24
Metabolic Acidemia HCO3 - correct answer ✔< 22
Respiratory Acidemia HCO3 - correct answer ✔> 22
Normal arterial blood Base Deficit - correct answer ✔< 12
Normal arterial blood Base Deficit mean value range - correct answer ✔2.7-
8.3
Metabolic Acidemia Base Deficit - correct answer ✔> 12
Respiratory Acidemia Base Deficit - correct answer ✔< 12
Normal arterial blood Base Excess - correct answer ✔> -12
Metabolic Acidemia Base Excess - correct answer ✔< -12
Respiratory Acidemia Base Excess - correct answer ✔> -12
Parasympathetic Nervous System Physiology - correct answer ✔-originates
in vagus nerve that extends from the medulla oblongata
-stimulates release of acetylcholine
pathway from transmission of FHR variability
, Parasympathetic Nervous System Effect on FHR - correct answer ✔-
decreases FHR
-increasing gestational age, slow, gradual decrease in FHR
-Moderate variability indicates absence of metabolic acidemia
-modulates baseline FHR with sympathetic branch
Sympathetic Nervous System Physiology - correct answer ✔-widely
distributed throughout myocardium
-stimulates release of catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine)
-reserve mechanism that improves heart's pumping ability during intermittent
hypoxemia/stress
-may cause fetal vasoconstriction and hypertension
-blocking with propranolol results in 10bpm decrease in FHR
Sympathetic Nervous System Effect on FHR - correct answer ✔-increases
FHR
-intermittent hypoxemia causes initial normal fetal compensatory response of
FHR increase or brief tachycardia
-at term, tachycardia is not normal
-in early gestation, SNS dominance results in slightly higher FHR and
decreased variability
Cardiac Output - correct answer ✔-Fetal CO is dependent on HR
-CO = HR ~ SV
-small changes in HR have minimal effect on CO
-fetal tachycardia greater than 240 bpm or bradycardia less than 60 bpm may
cause a decrease in fetal CO and umbilical blood flow
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