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NRNP 6635 FINAL EXAM – SCHIZOPHRENIA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NRNP 6635 FINAL EXAM – SCHIZOPHRENIA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NRNP 6635 FINAL EXAM –SCHIZOPHRENIA QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or
diminished inappropriate emotional expression. - ANSWER Schizophrenia
The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are traditionally separated into 2 groups: positive (delusions,
hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior) and negative (flat affect, avolition, anhedonia, poor
attention, and alogia). - ANSWER signs and symptoms of schizophrenia
a decline in both cognitive and social functioning that often precedes the development of florid
psychosis. - ANSWER Schizophrenia is associated with
The exact etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, although it is thought to be linked to an increase in
dopaminergic activity.
No single etiological factor is responsible for schizophrenia. - ANSWER Etiology of Schizophrenia
Treatment includes antipsychotics in conjunction with behavioral therapy. - ANSWER Treatment of
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic serious mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality and
manifested by two main symptoms: hallucinations and delusions. - ANSWER Schizophrenia definition
Men and women are equally affected, but with a slight difference in the age of onsetMen: average age of
onset = 23 years Women: average age of onset = 26 years - ANSWER onset of schizophrenia
The disorder manifests when a person with a genetic predisposition is exposed to one of many
environmental stressors.
- genetic predisposition
- environmental stressors - ANSWER Etiological factors of schizophrenia
, Environmental stressors are believed to be triggers of schizophrenia rather than true causes of the
disorder.
-Childhood trauma
- Residence in an urban area
- Social isolation
-Frequent cannabis use in early adolescence
- Migration
- Poverty
- Stress and psychosocial factors
- Birth in late winter or early spring
-Advanced paternal age at conception - ANSWER Environmental Stressors of Schizophrenia
Genetic and environmental risk factors appear to act via a common pathway
of disrupting the function of 1 or more neurotransmitter components.
Dopaminergic theory: Almost all drugs with antipsychotic properties block the dopaminergic D2
receptor.
However, antipsychotics are only 70% effective and clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic for
treating schizophrenia, is a weak D2 antagonist.
Hyperactivity of dopamine D2 receptor neurotransmission in subcortical, and limbic brain regions
contribute to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Hypo functionality of dopamine D1 receptor
neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex contributes to both negative and cognitive symptoms. -
ANSWER Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 1
Other theories:
Hypofunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. Dysfunctional gamma-amino-
butyric acid (GABA) interneurons.
Dysfunctional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. - ANSWER Pathophysiology of schizophrenia part 2
Patients with schizophrenia also have physical abnormalities of the brain tissue, which can be seen in
neuroimaging studies.
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