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ANCC PMHNP EXAM PREP CHPT 5 Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and Behavior Questions And Answers
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ANCC PMHNP EXAM PREP CHPT 5 Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and Behavior Questions And Answers
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ANCC PMHNP EXAM PREP CHPT 5Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and
Behavior Questions And Answers
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM - correct answer ✅All human thoughts, feelings,
and actions are seated in and start with actions of the
nervous system.
Necessary for the PMHNP's role functioning is an understanding of the
following basic neuroanatomy and physiology:
* Neurodeficits that underlie psychiatric disorders
* Actions of and client responses to psychopharmacological treatment
agents
The nervous system's primary function is to transfer and exchange
information.
The Neuron ("Nerve Cells") - correct answer ✅The basic cellular unit of
the nervous system
The microprocessor of the brain responsible for conducting impulses
from one part of the body to another
Components of the neuron:
* Cell body: Also known as soma; made up of the nucleus and
cytoplasm within cell membrane
,ANCC PMHNP EXAM PREP CHPT 5
Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and
Behavior Questions And Answers
* Stem or axon: Transmits signals away from the neuron's cell body to
connect with other neurons and cells
* Dendrites: Collect incoming signals from other neurons and send the
signal toward the neuron's cell body
Nervous System - correct answer ✅Composed of two separate,
interconnected divisions:
* Central nervous system (CNS)
** Composed of the spinal cord and the brain
*Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
** Composed of the peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to
receptors, muscles, and glands
** Includes the cranial nerves just outside the brain stem
** Comprises the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous
system:
***Somatic nervous system: Conveys information from the CNS to
skeletal muscles; responsible for voluntary movement
*** Autonomic nervous system: Regulates internal body functions to
maintain homeostasis; conveys information from the CNS to smooth
,ANCC PMHNP EXAM PREP CHPT 5
Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and
Behavior Questions And Answers
muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; responsible for involuntary
movement; divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the
parasympathetic nervous system:
**** Sympathetic nervous system: The excitatory division; prepares the
body for stress (fight or flight); stimulates or increases activity of
organs
**** Parasympathetic nervous system: Maintains or restores energy;
inhibits or decreases activity of organs
NEUROANATOMY AND THE BRAIN - correct answer ✅Brain tissue is
categorized as either white matter or gray matter.
* White matter is the myelinated axons of neurons.
*Gray matter is composed of nerve cell bodies and dendrites; it is the
working area of the brain and contains the synapses, the area of
neuronal connection.
Outermost surface of the brain: Structured to contain grooves and dips
of corrugated wrinkles within the brain tissue that provide anatomical
landmarks or reference points
* Functions to increase brain's surface area
** Increases working area and cell communication area
* Grooves and dips named by size and depth
, ANCC PMHNP EXAM PREP CHPT 5
Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, and
Behavior Questions And Answers
** Sulci: Small shallow grooves
** Fissures: Deeper groves extending into the brain
* Gyri are the raised tissue areas.
* Distinct anatomical areas of brain
** The brain is subdivided into the cerebrum and the brainstem.
Cerebrum - correct answer ✅Largest part of the brain, which is divided
into two halves, the right and left cerebral hemispheres
* Left hemisphere: Dominant in most people; controls most right-sided
body functions
* Right hemisphere: Controls most left-sided body functions
* Normal functioning requires effective coordination of two
hemispheres.
* Both hemispheres connected by a large bundle of white matter, the
corpus callosum, an area of sensorimotor information exchange
between the two hemispheres
Cerebrum
Frontal lobe: - correct answer ✅Frontal lobe: Largest and most
developed lobe. Functions include:
* Motor function: Responsible for controlling voluntary motor activity
of specific muscles
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