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FRESENIUS EXAM (ACTUAL) 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FRESENIUS EXAM (ACTUAL) 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FRESENIUS EXAM (ACTUAL)What electrolytes are found in the dialysate? - ANSWERS--Mg
-Ca
-K
-Chloride
-Glucose
What is the purpose of checking the dialysate? - ANSWERS-To ensure there is no
contaminants and to ensure its compatible with human pH, conductivity and
temp
What is the range for temperature on the dialysis machines? - ANSWERS-35-39
degrees C
What end up on the dialyzer during treatment? - ANSWERS-Arterial side up
What end up on the dialyzer during recirculation? - ANSWERS-Venous side up
What direction does blood flow through the dialyzer as compared to dialysate
flow? - ANSWERS-Countercurrent Flow
Blood Flow is down
Dialysate is up
,What is TMP? - ANSWERS-Transmembrane pressure. Total pressure across
membrane used to achieve desired fluid loss.
If KECN is decreased, what is a possible cause? - ANSWERS-The dialyzer is losing
surface area and clotting can be a potential cause.
How can we tell whether or not a dialysis treatment is effective? - ANSWERS-The
UKM, Kt/v, and URR rely on the Pre and Post BUN being drawn correctly.
OLC - ANSWERS-MEASURES SODIUM TRANSFER and the rate of sodium removal
across the dialyzer membrane.
The sodium in urea.
Sodium serves as a substitute for urea. Therefore, the OLC
What does a steady decline of the KECN mean? - ANSWERS-indicates dialyzer
clearance of waste from the blood is decreasing
How long to lab tubes spin for? - ANSWERS-15-20 min.
What causes blood specimens to clot? - ANSWERS--not inverted
-overfilled tubes
-cold temps
, -outdated blood tubes
-left too long
-pt has cold agglutinins- blood clumps when cold
-lab drawn before heparin
What is a good access flow rate? - ANSWERS-25% trend down is expected
What could cause gradual venous access flow decrease or change? - ANSWERS--
Stenosis
-Clotting
-Needle placement
-Aneurysm or pseudo
What is crenation? - ANSWERS-The shriveling of RBCs, caused by too high of a
concentration of sodium in the dialysate.
What are s/s of crenation? - ANSWERS--SOB
-Thirst
-Chest pain
-Sudden hypotension
-flushed face
-Dark opaque blood-almost black
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