Biology 114 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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Biology 114 Exm 1
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Biology 114 Exm 1
Biology 114 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What term describes anything that possesses mass and occupies space?
Matter
How do you refer to a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances through
chemical means?
An element
What do you call a substance made of a...
Biology 114 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What term describes anything that possesses mass and occupies space?
✔✔Matter
How do you refer to a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances through
chemical means?
✔✔An element
What do you call a substance made of at least two distinct elements combined in a specific ratio,
regardless of the type of bond?
✔✔A compound
What fraction of the 92 naturally occurring elements are crucial for human existence?
✔✔Between 20% and 25%
What are the effects of nitrogen deficiency in corn plants?
✔✔Corn plants become shorter.
1
,What condition is associated with a lack of iodine?
✔✔A goiter develops.
What is the smallest particle of matter that still retains the characteristics of an element?
✔✔An atom
By how much are electrons smaller compared to protons and neutrons?
✔✔Electrons are approximately 2000 times smaller.
What are isotopes called when they spontaneously decay, emitting particles and energy?
✔✔These are known as unstable radioactive isotopes.
What type of energy do electrons possess?
✔✔Electrons have potential energy.
How does the potential energy of an electron change with its distance from the nucleus?
✔✔The further an electron is from the nucleus, the higher its potential energy.
2
,What is the maximum number of electrons that the first electron shell can hold?
✔✔The first shell can accommodate up to 2 electrons.
How many electrons can the second electron shell contain at most?
✔✔The second shell can hold up to 8 electrons.
What is the maximum number of electrons for the third electron shell?
✔✔The third shell can also house up to 8 electrons.
When are electron shells most stable?
✔✔Electron shells achieve stability when they are fully occupied.
What are the electrons in the outermost shell called?
✔✔These are known as valence electrons, which determine an atom’s chemical properties.
What is the reactivity of elements with a complete valence shell?
✔✔Elements with a fully occupied valence shell are generally nonreactive.
3
, How do atoms establish chemical bonds?
✔✔Atoms with incomplete valence shells can either share or transfer electrons with other atoms
to achieve stability.
What characterizes nonpolar covalent bonds?
✔✔In nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally between atoms, such as in H₂.
How are polar covalent bonds different?
✔✔In polar covalent bonds, electrons are not shared equally due to differences in
electronegativity, as seen in H₂O.
What defines ionic bonds?
✔✔Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons between atoms, leading to bonds like
NaCl, and are generally weaker compared to covalent bonds.
What are hydrogen bonds?
✔✔Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions formed between a hydrogen atom in one polar
molecule and an electronegative atom in another polar molecule.
4
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