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NR546 Midterm Exam 2024 with correct answers
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NR546 Midterm Exam 2024 with correct answers
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NR546 Midterm Exam 2024 with correctanswers
What ishould ithe iPMHNP iconsider iwhen iprescribing ichemical irestraints? i- iANSWER: i i➡ i-
allergy istatus
-prior imed ihx ifor iadverse idrug ireactions ir/t ithe imeds iordered iin ithe ichemical irestraint
-state iregulations iregarding ichemical irestrains imust ibe ireviewed
Are ithe iPMHNP iand iother istaff iliable iif ithe iclient ihas ian iallergic ireaction ior iadverse iside ieffects
ito ithe idrugs iused ifor ichemical irestraint? i- iANSWER: i i➡ iNo.
The iclient ihas ibeen icourt-ordered ito itake ithe iprescribed imedications iand ithe istanding iorder ifor
ichemical irestraints iis iapproved. iThe iPMHNP iand iother istaff iare inot iliable iif ithe ipatient ihas ian
iallergic ireaction ior iadverse iside ieffects.
How idoes ireviewing ithe igenetic imakeup iof ia iclient ihelp iguide ithe iPMHNP iin iselecting
imedication ifor iclients? i- iANSWER: i i➡ i-Genetic itesting ican iassist iby iproviding imore
iinformation ion ihow iclients imay irespond ito icertain ipsychotropic imedications
-provides iinformation ion ihow ia iclient imay ibreak idown iand imetabolize imedications ibased ion
ithe icytochrome iP450 isystem.
Tanrıkulu iand iErbaş i(2020) iinvestigated iidentical itwins ito idetermine ithe ipresence iof ian
iinherited ilink ifor ischizophrenia iand iwhy ione itwin imay idevelop ischizophrenia iwhen ithe iother
idoes inot. iWhen itwo ipeople ihave i100% iidentical iDNA, iwhy idon't iboth ipersons idevelop ithe iexact
iillnesses? iStudies iof iidentical iDanish itwins ifound ithat iif ione itwin ihad ischizophrenia, ithe iother
itwin ihad ia i50% ilifetime irisk iof ideveloping ischizophrenia i(Lemvigh iet ial., i2020). iWhy iis ithere
ionly ihalf ithe irisk? i- iANSWER: i i➡ iBoth ienvironmental iand ipsychosocial istressors ican iimpact
imental ihealth. iAlthough itwins imay ihave iidentical igenes, itheir igene iexpression imay ibe
idifferent.
There imay ibe ian ienvironmental iexposure ithat iturned ia igene i"on" ithat ishould ihave ibeen i"off" ifor
ione itwin ito idevelop ischizophrenia iand inot ithe iother.
central isulcus i- iANSWER: i i➡ iseparates ithe ifrontal ilobe ifrom ithe iparietal ilobe
,frontal ilobe i- iANSWER: i i➡ iassociated iwith imovement, iintelligence, iabstract ithinking
broca's iarea i- iANSWER: i i➡ ispeech iproduction
temporal ilobe i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinvolves iobject iidentification iand iauditory isignals
cerebellum i- iANSWER: i i➡ icoordination
wernicke's iarea i- iANSWER: i i➡ ispeech icomprehension
occipital ilobe i- iANSWER: i i➡ iprimary ivisual iarea
parietal ilobe i- iANSWER: i i➡ ikeeps ius ialert ito iwhat iis igoing ion iaround ius
sensory icortex i- iANSWER: i i➡ ipain, iheat, iand iother isensations
motor icortex i- iANSWER: i i➡ imovement
hippocampus i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinvolved iin iboth imemory iand ianxiety
nucleus iaccumbens i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinvolved iin ithe ireward iprocess
thalamus i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinvolved iin isensory iorgan iand imotor icommand iprocessing
striatum i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinvolved iin icomplex imotor iactions, ialso ilinks icognition ito imotor iactions
limbic isystem i- iANSWER: i i➡ iincludes icircuits ithat iare iassociated iwith ipleasure iand ireward
,basal iganglia i- iANSWER: i i➡ igroup iof istructures iinvolved iin ivoluntary imotor imovements
amygdala i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinvolved iin iemotional iregulation iand iperception iof iodors
corpus icallosum i- iANSWER: i i➡ icontrols ithe icommunication ibetween ithe itwo ibrain
ihemispheres
white imatter i- iANSWER: i i➡ icontains inerve ifibers ithat iconnect ineurons ifrom idifferent iregions
iinto ifunctional icircuits
grey imatter i- iANSWER: i i➡ icontains inerve icells iand idendrites
brain itissue i- iANSWER: i i➡ imade iup iof igrey imatter iand iwhite imatter
dorsal istriatum i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinvolved iin icomplex imotor iactions iand ilinkage iof icognition ito
imotor iactions
-main iinput iarea ifor ibasal iganglia
*activated iwhen ianticipating ior iengaging iin ipleasure
The ifield iof iepigenetics iis irapidly igrowing iand ican ihelp iexplain ihow igene iexpression iis: i-
iANSWER: i i➡ iinfluenced iby ienvironmental ifactors iand ihow iepigenetics icontributes ito ithe
imanifestation iof imental iillness
How idoes iepigenetics iimpact ia iperson's imental ihealth? i- iANSWER: i i➡ iinternal ior iexternal
ifactors iactivate iportions iof ithe igenome ithat iresult iin ithe imanifestation iof imental ihealth
isymptoms
-activation iis ioften ia iresult iof ia istressful ievent, iwhich, iwhen icombined iwith ithe igenetic irisk,
iresults iin ithe idisease
-genes ibeing ion ior ioff
-occurrence iof isymptoms imay ibe ithe iresult iof iinheritance iof ian iabnormal igene ior iof inormal
igenes ibeing i"on" iwhen ithey ishould ibe i"off."
, Types iof iepigenetic ichanges: i- iANSWER: i i➡ iDNA iMethylation
Histone imodification
Non-coding iRNA
The ipotential ilegal iand iethical iissues iimpacting imental ihealth itreatment imust ialso ibe itaken
iinto iaccount, iincluding: i- iANSWER: i i➡ i-informed iconsent
-competence ito imake ihealthcare idecisions
-off-label iprescribing
Informed iconsent i- iANSWER: i i➡ iClients ihave ithe iright ito ireceive ienough iinformation ito imake
idecisions iabout itreatment. i
-must ialso ibe iinformed iabout ipotential irisks iassociated iwith imedications. i
-have ithe iright ito irefuse itreatment
-cannot ibe iforcibly imedicated iin inon-emergencies. iHowever, iclients ican ibe iforcibly imedicated
iif ithey iare iviolent itoward ithemselves ior iothers iand iwhen iless irestrictive imethods ihave ifailed
Compliance i- iANSWER: i i➡ iA icourt iorder imay ibe iissued ifor ia iclient ito ireceive itreatment iagainst
itheir iwishes iif ithey iare iconsidered ia idanger ito ithemselves ior iothers.
-Examples: iclients iwith ischizophrenia ior isex ioffenders
-Guardians ican iprovide iconsent ifor iclients iwho ihave ilimited icognitive icapabilities ior iare
iincompetent ito imake idecisions
-PMHNPs iare iresponsible ifor ibeing iknowledgeable iabout itheir istate ilaws iand iabiding iby ithem.
Off-Label iPrescribing i- iANSWER: i i➡ iSome iclients imay ibenefit ifrom ithe iunapproved iuse iof ia
idrug ifor isymptom imanagement. i
-Example: imany iSSRIs iused ito itx ianxiety iand iOCD ibut iare inot iFDA iapproved ifor iuse iin ithis
idisorder. i
-potentially iraises iethical iand ilegal iconcerns
-PMHNP imust iremain iup ito idate iwith ithe ilatest irecommendations ifor ioff-label iprescribing.
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