Bio-cultural Organisms - -organisms whose defining features are co-determined by
biological and cultural factors
Ethnocentrism - -opinion that one's own way of life is the most natural, correct, or fully
human way of life
-defined as the widespread human tendency to perceive the ways of doing things and
beliefs about things in one's culture as normal and natural and that of others as strange,
inferior, and possibly unnatural
- women wearing the veil or being segregated from men
-child marriage
-polygamy
-Polyandry
-slavery
-cannibalism
-female circumcision
Cultural Relativism - -understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically
enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent and meaningful design for living
Meta-narrative - -grand scale story or theme that members of a given culture recognize
and that often drives ideas and actions within that culture
Capitalism - -economic system dominated by a supply and demand market designed to
create capital and profit
Colonialism - -cultural domination of a people by larger, wealthier powers
Imperialism - -system in which one country controls other, less powerful territories
through colonization, often augmented by military force
Political Economy - -social structure that is organized around material (economic)
interests, in which these interests are protected and enhanced through the use of power
(politics)
Decolonization - -withdrawal of a colonial power from a territory that had been under its
control
neocolonialism - -persistence of profound social and economic ties linking former
colonial territories to their former rulers despite political sovereignty
, Social Forms - -culturally conforming collective ways of interacting with our
surroundings and the people we encounter; these forms of interaction, often taken for
granted, are encoded forms of behavior that are enforced by the group
Typology - -classification system based on systematic organization into types on the
basis of shaved qualities
Unilineal Cultural Evolutionism - -19th century theory that proposed a series of stages
throughout which all societies must go in order to research civilization
Social Structure - -enduring aspects of the social forms in a society, including its political
and kinship systems
Band - -form of social organization
-consists of a small group of foragers
-labor is divided occurring to age, sex, and social relations are highly egalitarian
Tribe - -social organization
-generally larger than a band
-members usually farm or herd for a living
-may be a chief that speaks for the group
Chiefdom - -social organization
-leader, chief, and leader's close relatives are set apart from the rest of society and
allowed privileged access to power, wealth, and prestige
State - -stratified society, controlled by a formal government, that posses a territory that
is defended from outside enemies with an army and from internal disorder with police
Structural-Functional theory - -position that explores how particular social forms function
from day-to-day in order to reproduce the traditional structure of the society
Historical Particularism - -study of cultures in their own historical context
Culture Traits - -features and parts of a cultural tradition such as a dance, ritual, or style
of pottery
Culture Area - -geographical region in which cultural traditions share similar culture
traits
Ethnography - -the written work
-multiple people
-wide range of practices
-one
Ethnology - -multiple
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