Nursing 322 Med-Surg Final Exam Prep Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 322
Institution
NSG 322
1.) Regulate the volume and composition of extracellular fluid (ECF) 2.) Excrete waste product from the body 3.) Control BP, produce erythropoietin, activate vitamin D, and regulate acid-base balance. What are the primary functions of the kidneys?
Retroperitoneally (behind the peritoneum) Where ar...
Nursing 322 Med-Surg Final Exam Prep
Questions and Correct Answers
1.) Regulate the volume and composition of extracellular fluid (ECF)
2.) Excrete waste product from the body
3.) Control BP, produce erythropoietin, activate vitamin D, and regulate acid-base
balance. ✅What are the primary functions of the kidneys?
Retroperitoneally (behind the peritoneum) ✅Where are the kidneys located?
A thin, smooth layer of fibrous membrane that covers the surface of each kidney.
✅What is the capsule of the kidney?
On the medial side of the kidney, it serves as the entry site for the renal artery and
nerves, and as the exit site for the renal vein and ureter. ✅What is the hilus?
1200 mL/min, 20-25% ✅How much of the blood flow counts for cardiac output?
The amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli (normally 125 mL/min)
✅What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
Regulation of water and acid-base balance. ✅What are the two functions of the distal
convoluted tubules?
ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone) ✅What is required for water re-absorption in the kidney
and important in water balance?
Causes re-absorption of water and Na+ in the distal tubule. ✅What does Aldosterone
do?
Potassium ions (K+) ✅What is excreted in exchange for Na+?
Active Vitamin D and altered calcium and phosphate balance. ✅What hormones does
a pt with kidney failure lack or become deficient in as a result of the disease?
-Erythropoietin is a hormone produced in the kidneys and secreted in response to
hypoxia and decreased renal blood flow.
-Erythropoietin stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow.
-A deficiency of erythropoietin occurs in kidney failure, leading to anemia. ✅What does
Erythropoietin do?
, In response to decreased renal perfusion, decreased arterial blood pressure, decreased
ECF, decreased serum Na+ concentration, and increased urinary Na+ concentration.
✅When do the kidneys produce renin?
Whites than African Americans ✅What nationality is urinary calculi and bladder cancer
more common in?
Jewish Men ✅Among which nationality are uric acid stones more common amongst?
E. Coli ✅What's the pathogen that causes the most UTI's?
Fever, chills, and flank pain ✅What are the signs and symptoms of an upper UTI?
There usually are no systemic manifestations. ✅What are the signs and symptoms of
a lower UTI?
Inflammation (by infection) of the renal parenchyma and collecting system. ✅What is
pyelonephritis?
Inflammation of the bladder ✅What is Cystitis?
Inflammation of the urethra ✅What is Urethritis?
A UTI that has spread systemically (this is an emergency!) ✅What is Urosepsis?
Occurs in a normal urinary tract and only involves the bladder. ✅What is an
uncomplicated UTI?
UTI's of infection that include coexisting obstruction, stones, or catheter's; diabetes or
neurologic diseases; or pregnancy induced changes. ✅What is a complicated UTI?
Gram-negative bacilli found in the GI tract or some gram-positive organisms such as
streptococci, enterococci, and staphylococcus saprophyticus. ✅What are most
infections caused by?
Dysuria, frequent urination (more than every 2 hours), urgency, and suprapubic
discomfort or pressure ✅Symptoms of LUTS (Lower Urinary Tract System)?
Adults: loss of urine during sleep ✅What is nocturnal enuresis?
Clean-catch urine sample ✅Which technique is preferred for obtaining a urine culture?
CT Urogram or ultrasound ✅What other test may be done when there is obstruction to
the urinary system?
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