Intrinsic Regulation of glomerular filtration Autoregulation. When blood pressure is between 90-120. Myogenic stretch receptors detect changes and afferent arteriole contracts or stretches. If blood pressure decreases, arterioles dilate to let in more blood.
Extrinsic Regulation of glomerular filt...
BIOL 252 Final UNC Questions and
Correct Answers
Intrinsic Regulation of glomerular filtration ✅Autoregulation. When blood pressure is
between 90-120. Myogenic stretch receptors detect changes and afferent arteriole
contracts or stretches. If blood pressure decreases, arterioles dilate to let in more blood.
Extrinsic Regulation of glomerular filtration ✅Hormones, sympathetic nervous system.
Occurs when blood pressure is less than 90mmhg. Norepinephrine, epinephrine via
adrenal medulla. Leads to constriction of afferent arteriole and inhibition of filtration.
Osmolality ✅number of solutes in 1 kg of water.
Osmolality of blood plasma ✅300 mosm
Downward loop of Henle ✅permeable to H2O
Upward loop of henle ✅permeable to ions.
What diffuses out of the loops of Henle as it goes up the loop? How does it leave?
✅nacl. By way of active transport.
What carries water and nacl away from loops of henle to bloodstream? ✅vasa recta
When blood pressure is high, collecting ducts do what? ✅Collecting ducts become
impermeable to water. Aquaporins are removed from tubule. Urine becomes more
dilute. Water is not needed in blood vessels.
What happens when osmolality is high? ✅Osmoreceptors in thirst center make us
thirsty.
What also happens when osmolality is high? What hormone is released?
✅Hypothalamus releases anti-diuretic-hormone from posterior pituitary.
DCT ✅Distal convoluted tubule. Between loop of henle and collecting ducts.
Path of filtrate through kidneys ✅renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, nephron loop, distal
convoluted tubule, collecting duct
How much material do the kidneys filter per day? ✅180 L. Only 1.5L are excreted.
, What is the filtration membrane ✅Membrane around glomerulus that material can
easily pass through. Filtration regulated by intrinsic (auto regulation) and extrinsic
(hormones, sympathetic nervous system) sources.
What happens when systemic BP is too low? Hint, it involves hormones.
✅Sympathetic nervous system tells adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and
epinephrine. Afferent arterioles are constricted. Filtration inhibited.
Sodium is transported from tubule lumen to interstitial fluid via what? ✅primary active
transport
Glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients move from lumen to interstitial fluid via what?
✅cotransport with sodium.
Material is filtered in proximal convoluted tubule. Blood stream is reabsorbing what
things at this time? Does osmolality remain the same at beginning and end of proximal
tubule? ✅nacl (primary active transport), water (aquaporins), glucose, amino acids,
other nutrients (cotransport). Osmolality remains the same at 300 mosm.
After proximal convulted tubule, where is material concentrated and filtered even more?
✅loops of henle.
Medullary gradient exists in kidneys. Does it get higher or lower as you move deeper
into the medulla? ✅Osmolality increases as you move deeper into medulla.
How is medullary gradient maintained? ✅Material pumped out of renal corpuscle and
renal tubule is removed via vasa recta
After end of loops of henle, how much water and nacl has been reabsorbed? ✅80%,
90%.
How does ADH affect dcts and collecting ducts? ✅places aquaporins on dcts and
collecting ducts to retain water and have it flow out of filtrate.
What hormone is released to promote reabsorption of nacl? ✅aldosterone. Creates
active sodium pumps on DCTS and collecting ducts.
Where is aldosterone released from? ✅adrenal cortex! Oh yeah!
What is tubular secretion? ✅waste removed from blood and added to filtrate.
What is tubular reabsorption? ✅solutes removed from filtrate and added to blood.
What is glomerular filtration? ✅creates plasmalike filtrate of blood.
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