Test Bank For Stanhope and Lancaster's Community
Health Nursing in Canada 4th Edition by Sandra A.
MacDonald|
aggregate - ANSWER population or defined group
assessment - ANSWER systematic data collection about a population. This
includes monitoring the population's health status and providing information about
the health of the community.
assurance - ANSWER public health role of making sure that essential community-
oriented health services are available.
community - ANSWER people and the relationships that emerge among them as
they develop and use in common some agencies and institutions and a physical
environment.
community based - ANSWER Occurs outside an institution. Services are provided
to individuals and families in a community.
community-based nursing - ANSWER Provision of acute care and care for chronic
health problems to individuals and families in the community.
community health nursing - ANSWER A term often interchanged with public health
nursing or nursing practice in the community , with the primary focus on the health
care of a community and the effect of the community health status on individuals,
families, and groups. The goal is to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health.
community oriented nursing - ANSWER Nursing that has its primary focus on the
health care of either the community or a population of individuals, families, and
groups.
policy development - ANSWER providing leadership in developing policies that
support the health of the population
population - ANSWER collection of people who share one or more personal or
environmental characteristics. The population can be a collection of individuals,
families, or groups that share common health issues.
population focused - ANSWER emphasizes populations who live in a community
population focused practice - ANSWER Core of public health, a practice that
emphasizes health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention of a
population.
,population health - ANSWER The health of a population as a whole, including the
distribution of health outcomes and disparities in the population.
primary health care services - ANSWER both primary care and public health
services that are designed to meet the basic needs of people in communities at an
affordable cost
Primary=prevention
public health - ANSWER >Organized community efforts designed to prevent
disease and promote health.
>It links disciplines, builds on the science of epidemiology, and focuses on the
community; >organized efforts designed to fulfill society's interest in ensuring
conditions in which people can be healthy.
>It can be what members of society do collectively to ensure conditions that support
health.
public health core functions - ANSWER assessment, policy development,
assurance
public health mission - ANSWER To organize community efforts that will use
scientific and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health.
public health nursing - ANSWER Specialty of nursing that is defined as "The
practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from
nursing, social, and public health sciences."
secondary health care services - ANSWER Services designed to detect and treat
disease in the early acute stage
Secondary=screening
subpopulations - ANSWER Subsets of the population who share similar
characteristics. For example, people older than 65 years who live in a residential
home would be a subpopulation of a larger population of older persons in the
community.
tertiary health care services - ANSWER Services designed to limit the progression
of disease or disability
Tertiary=treatment
advocacy - ANSWER >set of actions undertaken on behalf of another while
supporting the other's right to self-determination
>activities for the purpose of protecting the rights of others while supporting the
client's responsibility for self-determination;
>involves informing, supporting, and affirming a client's self-determination in
healthcare decisions.
beneficence - ANSWER >Ethical principle that is complementary to non-
maleficence and requires that we "do good" and prevent or avoid doing harm.
> We are limited by time, place, and talents in the amount of good we can do.
, >We have general obligations to perform those actions that maintain or enhance the
dignity of other persons whenever those actions do not place an undue burden on
healthcare providers.
>Healthcare professionals have special obligations of beneficence to clients.
bioethics - ANSWER a branch of ethics that applies the knowledge and processes
of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care.
code of ethics - ANSWER Moral standards that specify a profession's values,
goals, and obligations.
consequentialism - ANSWER Approach whereby the right action is the one that
produces the greatest amount of good or the least amount of evil in a given situation.
deontology - ANSWER Ethical theory that bases moral obligation on duty and
claims that actions are obligatory irrespective of the good or bad consequences that
they produce. Because humans are rational, they have absolute value. Therefore,
persons should always be treated as ends in themselves and never only as means.
distributive justice - ANSWER >Requires that there be a fair distribution of the
benefits and burdens in society based on the needs and contributions of its
members.
>Requires that consistent with the dignity and worth of its members and within the
limits imposed by its resources, a society must determine a minimal level of goods
and services to be available to its members.
ethic of care - ANSWER Belief in the morality of responsibility in relationships that
emphasize connection and caring.
ethical decision making - ANSWER Making decisions within an orderly framework
that considers context, ethical approaches, client values, and professional
obligations.
ethical dilemmas - ANSWER Puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or
community can envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a
certain course of action.
ethical issues - ANSWER Moral challenges facing the nursing profession.
ethics - ANSWER Branch of philosophy that includes both a body of knowledge
about the moral life and a process of reflection for determining what person ought to
do or be, regarding this life.
feminist ethics - ANSWER >Knowledge and critique of classical ethical theories
developed by men and women;
> entails knowledge about the social, cultural, political, economic, environmental,
and professional contexts that insidiously and overtly oppress women as individuals,
or within a family, group, community, or society.
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