1. How do studies using the experimental research
strategy differ from other types of research? - ANS
✔Only experiments can demonstrate a cause-and-effect
relationship between variables.
2. Dr. Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting
can influence people's moods during the winter. A
sample of 100 households is selected. Fifty of the homes
are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition
where Dr. Jones replaces all the lights with 100-watt
bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights are changed
to 60-watt bulbs. After two months, Dr. Jones measures
the level of depression for the people living in the
houses. In this example, how many dependent variables
are there? - ANS ✔1
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3. Research indicates that people who suffer from
depression also tend to experience insomnia. However,
it is unclear whether depression causes insomnia or the
lack of sleep causes depression. What problem is
demonstrated by this example? - ANS ✔The third variable
problem
4. In an experiment, what is the purpose for manipulating
the independent variable? - ANS ✔It helps establish the
direction of the relationship and it helps eliminate the third-
variable problem
5. In order to establish an unambiguous relationship
between two variables, it is necessary to eliminate the
possible influence of which of the following variables? -
ANS ✔Confounding Variables
6. Which of the following characteristics are necessary for
an extraneous variable to become a confounding
variable? - ANS ✔It must change systematically when the
independent variable is changed
PSY 285 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers
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PSY 285 Exam
7. In an experiment comparing two treatments, the
researcher assigns participants to treatment conditions
so that each condition has fifteen 7-year-old children
and ten 8-year-old children. For this study, what method
is being used to control participant age? - ANS
✔Matching
8. Holding a variable constant is a technique for removing
one threat to ________ but it can limit the ________ of an
experiment. - ANS ✔Internal validity, external validity
9. Which of the following is the primary goal for randomly
assigning participants to treatment conditions in an
experiment? - ANS ✔Minimize the likelihood that a
participant variable (such as age or gender) becomes a
confounding variable
10. What is the purpose for using a control condition in
an experiment? - ANS ✔It provides a baseline that can be
used to evaluate the size of the treatment effect.
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PSY 285 Exam
11. An experiment includes a treatment condition, a
no-treatment control, and a placebo control. Which two
conditions should be compared to determine the size of
the effect that is actually caused by the treatment? - ANS
✔Placebo versus treatment
12. A researcher exposes people to a stressful situation
(such as public speaking) to examine the effect of stress
on depressed mood. Why would the researcher also
include a measure of stress? - ANS ✔It is a manipulation
check
13. A researcher moves and experiment out of the real
world. This type of research is called - ANS ✔A field study
14. Researchers often use simulation experiments in
an attempt to obtain the _________ of an experiment and
still keep much of the _________ of research conducted in
the real world. - ANS ✔Internal validity, external validity
PSY 285 Exam 2 | Questions and Answers
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