Exam (elaborations)
SLCC Pathophysiology Unit 7 Renal and Urologic System Questions with Rationale
- Course
- Institution
SLCC Pathophysiology Unit 7 Renal and Urologic System
[Show more]
Content preview
SLCC Pathophysiology Unit 7 Renal andUrologic System
Filters Blood - answer Excretion of metabolic waste products, especially protein by-
products [*creatinine, urea, ammonia*] and many drugs.
Blood Pressure Regulation - answerBy adjusting blood volume and serum osmolarity
[by *concentrating or diluting the urine*] and secreting the hormone RENIN
Regulates Acid-Base Balance - answerThrough reabsorption or excretion of Hydrogen
ions *[H+ and bicarbonate HCO3]*
Make *Erythropoietin* - answerSignals the bone marrow to create Red blood Cells.
Without this, the body would not be able to make new red blood cells which would lead
to *ANEMIA*, and anemia leads to *fatigue* and s/s of *hypoxia*
Make and release *Renin* - answerPlays an important role in the *renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system* (RAAS) in the body. When released, this system works to
*INCREASE BLOOD PRESSURE*. Without this, the RAAS system won't work. This will
lead to hypotension.
Activate *Vitamin D* - answerActivated Vitamin D allows the GI tract to absorb more
calcium. Without this, the GI tract would not be able to absorb as much calcium, so
would have a risk for *hypocalcemia*
Blood Urea Nitrogen [BUN]
(Blood tests) - answer*NORMAL RANGE = LESS THAN 20* Urea is a by-product of
protein metabolism in the liver. The ammonia formed in this process is synthesized to
urea in the liver. Creation of this is the *most important catabolic pathway for eliminating
excess nitrogen*. Measuring how much of this is in the blood is an indicator of kidney
damage. However, this is also affected by dehydration, so it only indicates kidney
damage if *Creatinine* levels are also elevated.
Creatinine
(Blood tests) - answerA waste product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. As
this is produced, it is filtered through the *kidneys* and excreted in the urine as a normal
product of metabolism. If this is elevated that means it is not being excreted through the
kidneys. An elevated this along with an elevated *BUN* value, indicate kidney damage.
, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
(Blood tests) - answerNormal range is 85-135 mL/min. It is a measure of how much
blood (in mL) gets filtered by the glomeruli *every minute*. This helps to detect *kidney
disease* in its early stages more reliably than the *creatinine test* alone. This is
affected by anything that would decrease the amount of blood flowing through the
kidneys. This could include heart failure, atherosclerosis or hypotension, amount other
things.
Urinalysis
(Urine tests) - answerA urine sample can provide a great deal of information about how
the kidney is functioning. Results include: *Specific Gravity, RBCs, WBCs, protein,
glucose, casts*
Specific Gravity - answer*Normal range 1.010 - 1.030* Measures how dilute or
concentrated the urine is. If the kidney is not functioning, the result will be a *FIXED
SPECIFIC GRAVITY*, meaning the number stays the same through several tests. This
indicates the kidney can no longer concentrate or dilute urine [kidney death].
Abnormal Substances - answer*If ANY* of these are found in the urine, it indicates a
problem:
*• RBCs
•WBCs
•Protein
•Glucose
•Casts* or crystals
Red Blood Cells in Urine - answerCould be kidney stones, infection, bladder
inflammation, kidney damage, etc.
White Blood Cells in Urine - answerMore than a few indicate the presence of infection
Protein in Urine - answerKidney is damaged in some way and allowing large protein
molecules to escape
Glucose in Urine - answerIf blood sugar is too high, it will "spill" into the urine
Casts in Urine - answerPieces of mineral deposits that are breaking loose and being
shed into the urine
Creatinine Clearance
(Urine tests) - answerProvides an estimate of kidney function and of the actual GFR.
However, in addition to the blood sample, this test requires a *timed urine collection [24
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Dreamer252. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79650 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
