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NURS 2514 Final Review LV 3 questions with correct answers
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NURS 2514 Final Review LV 3 questions with correct answers
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NURS 2514 Final Review LV 3 questions with correctanswers
NDEE FINAL REVIEW Correct Answer-
Know the anatomy and physiology for:
Pancreatitis
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis Correct Answer-Pancreatitis refers to the inflammation of the
pancreas; whenever inflammation occurs in the pancreas, these cells that
secrete hormones get irritated and malfunctions leading to "digestion" of
the pancreas by its own enzymes (acute) and can eventually cause
structural changes to the organ (chronic).
Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver caused by a virus (most
common), bacteria, exposure to rx or hepatotoxins; acute vs chronic...
causes inflammation and possible necrosis (risk for post-necrotic
cirrhosis)
Cirrhosis refers to inflammation that causes bands of scar tissue to form
between nodules → compresses blood supply in liver → ↑venous
pressure and portal HTN → fluid pushed into tissues → peripheral
edema and ascites; Gross inflammation d/t damage to relative cells
resulting in bile duct occlusion and thickening w/ bile and pus. Liver
attempts to form new bile channels as a response which then causes
overgrowth of disconnected scar tissue
,What causes cirrhosis? Correct Answer-Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD)
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Chronic Hep B, C, D
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Inherited Genetic Disorders (3)
Cardiac cirrhosis (w/ R-HF)
Galactosemia (unable to process simple sugars)
Glycogen storage disease type IV
Cystic fibrosis
Drugs and toxins
Parasitic infections
Cryptogenic cirrhosis - NASH
Biliary Atresia in infants
What does NAFLD and NASH stand for?
What is the difference between NAFLD vs NASH?
Which of these are more dangerous: NASH vs NAFLD? Why?
https://youtu.be/89XRaO7pRNM Correct Answer-NAFLD = non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease
,NASH = non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NAFLD: has fat buildup but is not inflamed.
NASH: has fatty buildup and is inflamed.
NASH; inflammation and a fat accumulation in the liver d/t higher risk
of long-term cirrhosis and fibrotic changes in the liver vs NAFLD
Explain the three inherited genetic disorders that causes cirrhosis:
Hemochromatosis
Wilson's Disease
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AAT) Correct Answer-
Hemochromatosis (iron) → inflammation;
body absorbs excess iron from the foods ingested; excess amounts are
stored in the organs, esp. liver, heart and pancreas which can lead to
liver disease, heart disease, and diabetes.
Tx: regular blood removal and transfusion to lower iron levels
Wilson's Disease (copper) → inflammation;
accumulation of copper in the liver, brain and other vital organs
Tx: rx given to help release the copper into the blood stream
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AAT) → malformed proteins that get
stuck in the liver; AAT is a protein that is made by the liver and
, functions to protect the lungs. If the AAT proteins are misshaped, they
get stuck in the liver cells and cannot reach the lungs.
Tx: rx given to replace and ↑AAT
Which causes of cirrhosis is most commonly seen in children? (2)
Correct Answer-Cystic fibrosis
Biliary Atresia
What are the clinical manifestations of liver dysfunction? Correct
Answer-Spider angioma or nevi
Palmar erythema (↑estrogen)
Nail changes
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Dupuytren's contracture
Bilateral gynecomastia, testicular atrophy r/t hormonal changes (for
males)
Hypogonadism
Change in liver size
Splenomegaly
Edema, ascites
Esophageal varices (life threatening)
Caput medusa (radiate out from umbilicus)
Cruveihier-Baumgarten murmur d/t portal HTN (heard in the epigastric
region)
Jaundice (skin, sclera, mucous membrane)
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