Wildlife Conservation Test 3
- abundant resources food, habitat
- similar environmental conditions from where you came from
- niche vacancies cats would be great in a place that have never had cats before-no
predators/competition - ANS-What conditions encourage colonization by exotics?
- r (fast) - selected breed fast, and a lot. Potential for population increase is very high
- broad and plastic niche - generalists not picky about what they eat, where they live
- low territoriality Don't care if they have a of neighbors - ANS-What are the characteristics of
successful exotic species?
-defines the mission of the system: administer a national network of lands and water for
conservation, management, etc with the US for the benefit of present and future
-defines compatible wildlife dependent recreation as legitimate and appropriate public use
-requires the secretary of the interior to ensure environmental health of the refuge system
-retains the authority of the refuge manager to determine compatible public uses, when they will
be allowed, etc
-requires each refuge to develop a comprehensive plan within 15 years and to update the plan
every 15 years - ANS-What are the general provisions of the National Wildlife Refuge System
Improvement Act of 1997?
-encouraging more hunting
-immunocontraceptive (to prevent fertilization)
????356 - ANS-What are six ways in which wildlife managers attempt to reduce growth rates of
rapidly expanding animal populations?
-Habitat availability and diversity
-Natural landscapes
-Trees, bushes, pond, creek, greenbelts, parks
-"Human" landscapes
-Sheds, barns, gardens, dog food, garbage
-But, urban monoculture
-Too much cement-vegetation sparse, home range too big
-Mortality factors
-Low
-No hunting or trapping
-No large natural predators
,-High
-Cats eating birds
-Roadkills - ANS-What influences the density and distribution of urban wildlife?
-more women are joining their male companions in outdoor recreation
-more women are learning to shoot competently as a means of self-protection, and hunting is a
natural extension of such proficiency with weapons
-the manufacturers of sporting arms started to produce rifles, shotguns, and archery equipment
designed expressly for women - ANS-Why have numbers of women hunters increased recently?
-opposition from the established meat trade toward competition from the meat of wildlife
-opposition from the meat of wildlife
-low profit margins, largely because of the low monetary value of meat and high costs of
meeting hygienic regulations
-lack of local markets
-poor communication with distant markets
-poaching
-shortfalls in quotas for maximum yields because of the elusiveness and migratory habits of
some species, whereas populations of resident species may be too small for an economically
worthwhile harvest
-drought and other ecological changes leading to unpredictable trends in animal numbers -
ANS-What are the problems associated with regulated cropping of free-ranging African
mammals as noted by Eltringham (1984)?
-the relatively short period of significant environmental alteration since settlement
-a relatively low human population
-an affluent population, of which an influential segment is sensitive to environmental concerns
-the presence of agencies and academic institutions attuned to the biology and management of
wildlife and other natural resources
-the presence of a well trained and motivated cadre of professional biologists and resource
managers
-the enactment of relatively strong and effective environmental laws
-the state and federal ownership of wildlife refuges, parks, forests, and other large areas of land
- ANS-Why is the United States one of the prime locations for conserving biodiversity?
... - ANS-What is 'Teaming with Wildlife' and what are the three target areas it hopes to fund?
"Pure" preservation is flawed because human influences already may have disrupted natural
systems. Fences prohibit the natural movement of animals; and roads, campgrounds, and
concession areas in parks violate and displace natural environments
Nature reserves in developing countries
, the economic benefits from tourism should be directed to local communities to gain their
support. This way, they can build up their communities - ANS-According to Miller (1982), why is
"pure" preservation a flawed concept how can the concept of nature reserves in developing
countries be better justified?
1-counting males singing on the breeding grounds
2-determining an age ratio, which compares juveniles (birds hatched in the current calendar
year) to the number of adults (birds one year and older)
3-bag checks-the daily success of hunters in taking woodcock - ANS-How are trends in
woodcock populations monitored?
1-place greater educational emphasis on the ecologistic attitude as a way of establishing a
dialogue between hunters and antihunters. this attitude represents ideas compatible with both
groups
2-encourage greater governmental recognition of different attitudes towards animals as
reflecting multiple uses and satisfactions derived from wildlife. Management for different types of
hunters. Recognition of moralistic and humanistic attitudes concerning cruelty and animal
welfare
3-Diversify wildlife funding sources to include contributions from antihunters and other potential
nonconsumptive users of wildlife resources
4-Increase attention and financial allocation for nongame research and recreational programs -
ANS-What are four ways to minimize conflicts between hunters and anti-hunters (from Kellert
1978)?
1. Ethnoecology-interactions between people that live there and resources that are there, how
some become rarer, dangered and disappeared, what kinds of exotics are there, how people
use those resources
2. Environmental Education-convince the people that this is a good idea to have the government
come oversee the protection and permit the use of these resources. Tell the people they need to
think in the long term
3. Ecodevelopment-interact with resources in a way that can make people's lives better and still
be sustainable, don't just use up all the resources
4. Forestry-logging industry
5. Soils and Watersheds-important for agriculture, need to understand where water comes from
6. Flora-trees, etc. For construction materials, food, understanding the plants
7. Zea diploperennis-the corn plant. It is the unique resource in this particular reserve
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