- ANS-61 percent of illinois covered by prairies before european settlement
- ANS-all this was driven by recognition that overexploitation was cause of declines
- ANS-at ecosystem or community level, habitat management for terrestrial wildlife involves
managing for early to mid successional stages
- ANS-biology> ecology > management
- ANS-blacked capped vireo and brown headed cowbird example know
- ANS-but in many cases, the action of a given factor can be density vague
- ANS-Capacity of range to support grazing is often estimated in terms of Animal Unit Months
(AUM) which is a standardized unit of measurement, defined as the amount of dry matter
required to sustain a 1,000 lb. cow (with or without calf) for one month.
- ANS-change in "r" along with other information, allows wildlife and fisheries biologist to
estimate how many individuals can be harvested without causing a long term decrease in local
abundances
- ANS-changes in plant species composition
lower plant species diversity
structural changes - height and density
- ANS-conservation and preservation are NOT necessarily mutually exclusive
- ANS-control factors tend to be density independent
- ANS-dense vegetation... soil moisture high, fire frequency low, tall
- ANS-density dependent processes on growth rate, "inversity", and "compensatory mortality"
are Essential Concepts
- ANS-difference between prairie and grassland
KNOW
- ANS-difference between predation and parasitism
,- ANS-Domestic versus International is a critical contrast!
- ANS-early practices were mainly for direct economic benefits and focused on game species
- ANS-ecosystem management accounts for the complexity of natural processes and social
systems
- ANS-ecosystem management is designed to integrate ecology, socioeconomic perspectives,
and institutional perspectives
- ANS-exponential population growth
- ANS-fisheries management depicted as three overlapping circles which represent concern for
aquatic organisms, aquatic habitats, and people
- ANS-for both commercial and recreational activity, the key is for the harvest rate to be
SUSTAINABLE over time
- ANS-For wildlife management and productivity for cattle, the big management issue it to
maintain the sustainability of the ecosystem and productivity of the habitat by avoiding
overgrazing and undergrazing and too much/too little ecological disturbance
- ANS-forest land in east is private
- ANS-forest land in west is public
- ANS-goals of land management have shifted with the necessity to preserve biodiversity
- ANS-hunting can be a management tool
- ANS-in all but very special circumstances, the strategy is to harvest the population at the
same rate as the population increases
- ANS-in modern usage, both the terms "wildlife" and "fishes" include species or systems that
involve consumptive and non consumptive by humans
- ANS-in wetlands, propagation of food for waterfowl often involves invertebrates and other
sources of protein this is often called moist soil management
- ANS-k varies with environment= MSY changes
- ANS-logistic growth
, - ANS-low vegetation density... high grazing intensity,,, high fire frequency
- ANS-macarthur wilson model
- ANS-managing for early to mid successional stages of habitat for forest wildlife traditionally
involved silviculture, but prescribed fire is being utilized more frequently
- ANS-much of any management agenda is to change K
- ANS-niche
- ANS-overgrazing and undergrazing are both problems in rangeland management
- ANS-range management has a fundamental effect on the type and quality of habitat for
wildlife
- ANS-rangelands are and especially important issue out west for how we manage out public
lands
- ANS-rare long lived species will be the most vulnerable to habitat loss
- ANS-red cockaded woodpecker: endangered species in the southeast
- ANS-regulatory factors tend to be density dependent
- ANS-silviculture can have positive and negative effects on wildlife, depending on the
management needs and goals of the local area
- ANS-some factors are considered to "regulate" populations about k, while others "limit" or
"control" populations
- ANS-succession
- ANS-the yield curve
- ANS-this is an issue that sometimes puts management for game and nongame species at
odds
- ANS-this problem has also led to controversy about connectiviter
- ANS-what limits prairie restoration?
? - ANS-abiotic biotic
habitat
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