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URR ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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URR ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY EXAM WITHQUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
A mechanical wave cannot travel in a vacuum because it requires a medium to
travel through.
A transducer that requires mechanical concentration and steering. Electrical
focusing and steering are not possible - ANSWER: single element transducer
Multiple elements are utilized to form an image by altering the timing of the
electrical pulses to different elements in the array--ANSWER phased array
High-frequency probes have ________ penetration and _________ resolution -
ANSWER: low, high
The transducer has a huge number of rectangular piezoelectric units organized in a
linear pattern - ANSWER sector phased array
ANSWER vector array is a trapezoidal imaging format created by combining
sequenced linear array with phased array techniques.
In a sector image, the number of scan lines per degree of the sector determines the
______ line density.
Increasing line density increases the number of pulses per frame, and improves
spatial resolution (axial and lateral), frame rate, and temporal resolution.
increase/decrease? - ANSWER Increases, decreases, decreases
Increasing the sector angle will result in _________ spatial and temporal
resolutions. degraded/improved? - ANSWER Improved, deteriorated
,A decrease in sector angle will result in _______ spatial and _______ temporal
resolutions. degrade/improve - ANSWER: deteriorate or improve
List two forms of spatial resolution: axial and lateral.
Resolution having the ability to resolve two different structures that lay
perpendicular to the ultrasound beam—ANSWER lateral resolution
Axial resolution is the capacity to resolve two different structures parallel to the
ultrasonic beam.
ANSWER trunctus arteriosus forms the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Forms left ventricle - ANSWER primitive ventricle
ANSWER Sino-atrium forms the atria.
develops right ventricle and truncus arteriosus - answer bulbous cordis.
creates the atrial septum, membranous ventricular septum, MV, and TV-ANSWER
endocardial cushions.
ANSWER sinus venosus is made up of two parts that will form the SVC, IVC, and
atrial floor.
The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch, and the
majority of the flow bypasses the fetal lungs.
,The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava without
passing via the liver.
Position of apex: inferior, anterior, and leftward
The position of the base is superior, posterior, and rightward.
Which AV valve is closest to the apex? - Answer TV.
TV valve area typically ranges from 5-8cm²
Which AV valve opens and closes first? - Answer: MV.
Which of the SL valves opens and closes first? - Answer AoV
Name the TV leaflets: anterior, posterior, and septal/medial.
Name the MV leaflets: anterior and posterior.
The usual valve area for MV is 4-6 cm².
Which AoV leaflet is closest to IAS? - ANSWER NCC
Normal AoV area: 3-4cm²
, Which cardiac artery travels through the anterior interventricular groove? -
Answer: left anterior descending (LAD).
The right coronary artery (RCA) passes via the _________ __________ groove.
Which groove do the posterior descending coronary artery and middle coronary
vein pass through? - ANSWER Posterior interventricular groove
The left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) runs via the ___________ Groove -
ANSWER: Left Atrioventricular Coronary Groove
Which five structures do the right main coronary artery (RCA) supply with blood? -
Answer: both atria, atrial septum, RVFW, and RV apex.
What two arteries do the left main coronary artery (LCA) branch into? - ANSWER
Left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex (LCX)
Which LV walls does the LCX supply? - Answer: inferior and anterior lateral.
What structures of the LV does the LAD supply? - ANSWER LV Apex, anterior
septal wall, and anterior wall of the left ventricle
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