NR503 – EPIDEMIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ NEWEST EDITION
How does social justice and health inequities influence population health care provision? Why is this
critical information for the provision of evidence-based care? - ANSWERS-More and more studies are
being conducted to look at the relationship of sustained exposure to toxic stress to a variety of poor
health outcomes and high-risk behaviors. These behaviors include such things as cutting, hypervigilance,
promiscuity, eating disorders, poor school performance, depression, violence, suicidal ideation/attempts,
and justice system involvement. These are just a few of the many behaviors found to be associated with
sustained exposure to toxic stress. Studies such as these illustrate the importance of understanding the
social determinants of poor health and the potential for doing good and preventing harm to aggregates
and populations by targeting exposures to such things as child abuse and neglect for prevention, early
recognition, and intervention.,
Vital Statistics - ANSWERS-Vital statistics provide important outcome measures that APRNs can
monitor and compare over time and analyze by demographic variables to detect such things as health
disparities. In the United States, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) collects the official
records of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, fetal deaths, and induced terminations of pregnancies
from state and local health departments (Aschengrau & Seage, 2013). Personnel from local health
departments review the data from death certificates, including demographic data, looking at the
immediate cause of death and any contributing factors of death, and recording multiple causes of
death. Local data are sent to a state office for collation and then sent to the NCHS, which provides this
information to the public on its website (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs) and in an annual publication, Vital
Statistics of the United States (Friis & Sellers, 2009). APRNs can access national and global health
statistics from multiple agency sources, including government agencies, to identify health trends and
patterns (Partners, 2014). However, due to the lack of agencies and/or resources in certain populations
or regions, health information might not be available or might be limited in scope
Morbidity - ANSWERS-Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or
group.
, Mortality - ANSWERS-Mortality rates, also known as death rates, can be useful when evaluating and
comparing populations. As stated earlier, there are many factors that can affect the natural history of
disease, and measuring mortality allows investigators to compare death rates among and within
populations
Cases - ANSWERS-Refers to individuals who acquire a certain disease or condition.
Social Justice - ANSWERS-the defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential human needs are met
and that essential human rights are protected for all people
Epidemiology - ANSWERS-the study of disease distribution within populations and the risk factors that
affect increases or decreases in distribution.
Incidence - ANSWERS-Incidence rates describe the occurrence of new events in a population over a
period of time relative to the size of the population at risk,Incidence provides information about the rate
at which new cases occur and is a measure of risk. Incidence rates provide us with a direct measure of
how often new cases occur within a particular population and provide some basis on which to assess
risk.
Prevalence - ANSWERS-Prevalence rates describe the number of all cases of a specific disease or
attribute in a population at a given point in time relative to the size of the population at risk. Period
prevalence measures the number of cases of disease during a specific period of time and is a measure of
burden
Outcomes - ANSWERS-The possible results of an experiment
Inter-professional collaboration - ANSWERS-Multiple health care workers from a variety of professions
working together to deliver evidence-informed, patient centered health care
Healthy People 2020 - ANSWERS-Healthy People 2020 is a national document with agreed-upon national
objectives that guides and assists APNs to focus on and identify levels of population healthcare for
persons across the life span. There is clearly a strong and compelling linkage between epidemiological
concepts, the three levels of prevention, and the goals of Healthy People 2020. The study and
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