WVU NSG 311 Exam 2 Cardiac Content
Questions With Correct Answers
What is the entire pathway a RBC travels throughout the heart/body? - answer*Starts at vena
cava, then heads to the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve (atrioventricular), then to
the right ventricle, then through the ...
What is the entire pathway a RBC travels throughout the heart/body? - answer✔✔*Starts at vena
cava, then heads to the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve (atrioventricular), then to
the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary valve (semilunar valves), then through the
pulmonary trunk to get the blood oxygenated, and then comes to the pulmonary veins with
oxygenated blood, then goes to the left atrium, then left AV valve (mitral valve;bicuspid), then to
the left ventricle, then through the semilunar valve, then to the aorta, then through the body, and
back to the vena cava
What is the SA node known as and how many bpm does it consist of? - answer✔✔*Pacemaker
*60-100 bpm
If the SA node shuts down, the AV node is next in line. How many bpm does the AV node
average? - answer✔✔40-60 bpm
If the SA node and AV node shuts down, the Ventricular pacemaker is next in line. How many
bpm does the Ventricular pacemaker average? - answer✔✔30-40 bpm
What is the amount of blood pumped through the body per min? - answer✔✔5L/min
What is stroke volume? - answer✔✔amount of blood ejected with each heart beat
What is preload? - answer✔✔degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
*diastole: ventricles full of blood--> stretch greatest here
How do we calculate cardiac output (CO)? - answer✔✔CO=SV x HR
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart? - answer✔✔the more the heart fills with blood
during diastole, the greater the force of contraction during systole
*IMPORTANT: if the heart stretches to accommodate blood flow (ex. pt with CHF), then the
condition gos back to normal but the heart will not go back to regular size
What are modifiable risk factors? - answer✔✔*diet
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
, *exercise
*weight loss
What are non modifiable risk factors? - answer✔✔*sex
*race
*age
*family hx
What are some common s/sx of HF? - answer✔✔*chest pain
*dyspnea (sudden or gradual)
*peripheral edema, weight gain
*fatigue
*dizziness
*syncope
*changes in LOC
What do we want to do when a pt is experiencing chest pain with possible HF? -
answer✔✔*PQRST assessment
*follow up questions to determine if cardiac--> if pain is reproducible, then it is probably not
cardiac in nature
*if a patient can point out a distinct area like, "The pain is between my ribs," then its probably
not cardiac
*if the patient reports pain across the whole upper portion of the thoracic area, then we need to
be thinking of a cardiac issue
What is the earliest warning sign of CHF? - answer✔✔fatigue
What does PQRST stand for? - answer✔✔*P: provocation & palliation
*Q: quality & quantity
*R: region & radiation
*S: severity scale
*T: timing
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
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