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BIOS 242 Exam 2 Answered
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BIOS 242 Exam 2 Answered
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BIOS 242 Exam 2 AnsweredA recently discovered new species of microorganism which does not use oxygen in its
metabolism was discovered growing in pH 10, in hot springs, green in color and uses
CO2 as source of carbon nutrient rich soil. Describe in detail the nutritional and physical
requirements for this organism to grow, listing and explaining at least five
characteristics. - ANS-Does not use O2 - anaerobe
pH 10/lives in hot springs - alkalinophile
Lives in hot springs - thermophile
Green in color - photoautotroph/photoheterotroph
uses CO2 (inorganic) form of carbon - autotroph/phototroph
Active Transport - ANS-uses ATP to transport things into the cell against the
concentration gradient
Aerobe - ANS-an organism that needs oxygen to grow and metabolize
aerobic metabolism - ANS-The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize
glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.
aerobic respiration - ANS-Series of reactions that converts glucose to CO2 and allows
the cell to recover significant amounts of energy - requires oxygen
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-the principal energy-yielding pathway in where the final
electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2)
Aerotolerant anaerobe - ANS-don't use oxygen but have the mechanisms to break down
oxygen if it is present - they don't use oxygen in their metabolism
Anabolism - ANS-building things up
Anaerobe - ANS-doesn't possess the necessary enzymes to metabolize oxygen -
meaning they metabolize without oxygen
anaerobic metabolism - ANS-The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into
energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste
products.
anaerobic respiration - ANS-Utilizes glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle and the respiratory
chain but does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor
Anexic - ANS-tissues in the body that are microbe free - they are sterile
, Antibiotics - ANS-substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some
microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms; generally, ther term is
used for drugs targeting bacteria and not other types of microbes
antimicrobial chemotherapy - ANS-the use of drugs to control infection
antimicrobials (antibiotics) - ANS-all-inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless
of what type of microorganism it targets
Antioxidants - ANS-Their main role in the body is to quench free radicals that are
released from oxygen and you get antioxidants from your diet
Antisepsis - ANS-application of chemical agents (antiseptics) to exposed body surfaces
and surgical incisions to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens
Antisepsis - ANS-Removing pathogens from living tissue
aseptic technique - ANS-sterile methods that exclude all microbes
Aspesis - ANS-any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile
tissues (prevents infection)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ANS-Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base
adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.
Autoclave - ANS-Piece of equipment used to sterilize articles by way of steam under
pressure and/or dry heat
Autotroph - ANS-An organism that gets its source of carbon from carbon dioxide an
iorganic carbon source - referred to as the "self feeder"; They are NOT nutritionally
dependent on other living things
Bacterialstatic - ANS-prevent bacteria from reproducing - inhibits growth
bactericide - ANS-chemical that destroys bacteria except for those at the endospore
stage
Biosynthesis - ANS-taking smaller molecules and building them into larger molecules
Broad-spectrum (extended spectrum): - ANS-Antimicrobials effective against a wide
variety of microbial types—for example, a drug effective against both gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria
Cardinal Temperatures - ANS-the range of temperatures for the growth of a given
microbial species
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