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2024 VALID CHAMBERLAIN PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 VALID CHAMBERLAIN PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 VALID CHAMBERLAINPHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
treatment of Parkinson's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS-First line drugs.....
Levodopa, dopamine agonists, Radagiline.
Nonpharmacologic trx...optimize the pt's general health, nutrition, emotional
and neuromuscular status, group support, exercise, and education
carbidopa goes with levodopa to avoid levodopa being broken down in the
periphery
side effects of Ace inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS-CATCHH
Cough
Angioedema/abdominal pain
Teratogen (fetal renal malformations)
Creatinine increased
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Others * leukopenia, myalgia, headache, renal insufficiency.
first-line treatment for Heart failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diuretics (if fluid
retention is present), ACE inhibitors, Beta-Blockers, and digoxin (if systolic
heart failure, a-fib, or diuretic failure) *use ARB's if ACEI's are contraindicate)
treatment for ADHD and monitoring - CORRECT ANSWERS-Treatments
• For children stimulants are not the initial treatment. Nonpharmacological
treatments are attempted first, which include classes and counseling for
parents in behavior modification (such as point systems that allow children
to earn rewards), social skill training, cognitive-behavioral therapy, support
groups, biofeedback, and mediation all go into a comprehensive,
multidisciplinary management program. Guidelines recommend parents and
teachers working together to assess efficacy of treatment plan.
• All available stimulants appear to be equally effective. Methylphenidate
(Ritalin, Ritalin SR, Metadate SR, Concerta, Metadate CD, Ritalin LA, Methylin,
Daytrana Transdermal System) is usually first-line drug of choice for AD-HD
,• When giving medication to children parents must give permission first.
• Although some parents chose not to tell the childrens teachers about
placing their child on medication, teachers may be very helpful in evaluation
response from therapy. The Connors Teacher's Rating Scale, should be
completed prior to initiation of therapy and 1 to 2 weeks after initiation.
• A once a day methylphenidate (Concerta) may be used to help children for
whom multiple doses per day are difficult.
• If paradoxical aggravation of symptoms or other adverse effects occur,
reduce dosage or, if necessary discontinue drug.
• If patients do not respond to methylphenidate, other medications from
another class. Amphetamines are usually used such as Adderall, Vyvanse,
Kapvay, Dexedrine.
• TCA antidepressants have been used as both primary and adjunctive
therapy in children who fail to achieve positive response to stimulants. The
specific agents used are desipramine and nortriptyline, primary because of
their effects on norepinephrine reuptake. They should be avoided in patients
with cardiac disease, specificall
Beta-blocker meds - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bisoprolol, carvediol, and
metoprolol (common)
Others:
atenolol (Tenormin)
bisoprolol fumarate (Zebeta)
carteolol (Cartrol, discontinued)
carvedilol (Coreg)
labetalol (Trandate [Normodyne - discontinued])
metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
nadolol (Corgard)
penbutolol (Levatol)
propranolol (Hemangeol, Inderal LA)
timolol ophthalmic solution (Timoptic, Betimol, Istalol)
thiazide diuretics meds - CORRECT ANSWERS-chlorothiazide [(Diuril) (oral or
sodium injection)]
chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
indapamide (Lozol)
hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
methyclothiazide (Enduron)
metolazone (Zaroxolyn, Diulo, Mykrox)
loop diuretic meds - CORRECT ANSWERS-Bumetanide (Bumex)
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Torsemide (Demadex)
, k-sparing diuretic meds - CORRECT ANSWERS-Amiloride.
Eplerenone (Inspra)
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
Ace-Inhibitor meds - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Benazepril (Lotensin)
Captopril
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Fosinopril
Moexipril
Perindopril (Aceon)
Quinapril (Accupril)
Ramipril (Altace)
Trandolapril (Mavik)
angiotensin II receptor blockers - CORRECT ANSWERS-Azilsartan (Edarbi)
Candesartan (Atacand)
Eprosartan.
Irbesartan (Avapro)
Losartan (Cozaar)
Olmesartan (Benicar)
Telmisartan (Micardis)
Valsartan (Diovan)
Other medications to control heart failure (after first line not sufficient) -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Spironolactone
Nitrates and hydralazine (lower mortality in class 3&4 for African American)
Calcium channel blockers
(Can worsen hf use caution **BUT NEVER IN SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION)
treatment of Acute (decomponsated) heart failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-L -
loop
M - morphine
N -nitrates/nitroprusside/nesiritride
O - oxygen
P - positioning
Nitroprusside- vasodilator
Nesiritride- atrial peptide , vasodilator and diuretic
IV loop diuretics
- Cause venodilation and diuresis - Reduces pre-load
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