The transport system in organisms is responsible for moving substances such as nutrients, gases, and waste materials between different cells and tissues. The complexity of the transport system varies greatly among different types of organisms.
1. In Humans and Other Vertebrates: The circulatory ...
WEEK FIVE
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
CONTENT
a. Transport system
b. Need for transport system
c. Relating transport in lower organism to that in higher organism
d. Transport material in animals and plant
e. Diverse mechanism of transportation in some organisms
f. Transport system in mammals (man)
g. Functions of blood
Transport system
Transport system is the movement of metabolic materials from various parts of an
organism where they are produced and transported to other parts where such are used,
stored or removed from the body.
Need For Transport System
All living organisms (plants and animals) need transport system for the following
reasons
a. To obtain essential materials such as oxygen, water and nutrients.
b. To remove metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide, urea, water, etc.
c. For moving water and mineral salts from the soil through the roots to the
various parts of plant.
d. For transfer of hormones from production site to site of action.
e. For transfer of glucose to various parts of plants.
RELATING TRANSPORT IN LOWER ORGANISMS TO THAT IN HIGHER
ORGANISM
Transport in Lower Organisms Transport in Higher Organisms
1 Substances are moved over small Substances are moved over greater
distance distance
2 Transport is by simple diffusion Transport involves diffusion and other
means.
3 Diffusion is enough because the Effusion transport system is necessary
surface area to volume ratio (A/V) because surface area to volume ratio (A/V)
is great is too small
4 Cells are not isolated Isolated group of cells need to be
connected
5 Transport materials are small in Transport materials are large in quantity.
quantity.
, Transport Materials In Animals
Materials Transported Source Destination
1 Oxygen Lungs All living cells of the body
2 Carbon dioxide Body cells Lungs
3 Urea Body cells Liver
4 Excess salts Body cells Skin and kidney
5 Water Body cell Skin, lungs, liver, kidney etc
6 Amino acid Small intestine Body cells
7 Vitamins Small intestine Body cells
8 Sugar Body cells Body cells
9 Fatty acid and glycerol Small intestine Body cells
10 Mineral salt Small intestine Body cells
11 Hormones Endocrine glands Target organs of tissue
12 Antibodies White blood cells All body parts
Transport Materials in Plants
Materials Transported Source Destination
Manufactured food Leaves All body cells
Excretory Products (C02 and All living Site of excretion e.g. stomata
water) cells
Water (absorbed) Soil Leaves and other parts of the
leaves
Other materials transported in plants are:
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Waste products (latex), Amino acids, Glucose, Lipids, Auxins
(hormones), Mineral salts
Transport Media
Liquid or fluid is usually the medium of transportation of minerals. Generally speaking,
the four major media of transportation in organisms are:
1. Cytoplasm: Used in lower unicellular organisms such as amoeba, chlamydomonas,
euglena, etc.
2. Cell sap/ Latex: A concentrated solution in the cell vacuole of plants.
3. Blood: Used in most animals, especially vertebrates for conveyance of essential
materials like oxygen, digested food, etc.
4. Lymph: Found in higher animals. Lymph is a fluid with extra lymphocytes (W.B.C with
no red blood cells present). It returns its fluid to the main vein through opening in
the subclavian (left jugular) vein below the neck. Lacteal is a lymphatic vessel
transporting fatty acids and glycerol. The lymph movement is enhanced by muscular
action. It moves through lymph vessel. Some swellings exist in the gut along the
lymphatic vessel, especially in the neck, groin and armpit called lymph nodes. These
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