NUR 611 Patho Exam 1 Questions And Answers. Verified And Updated.
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Course
NUR 611
Institution
NUR 611
NUR 611 Patho Exam 1 Questions And
Answers. Verified And Updated.
Apoptosis - answerA programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis - answerRapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling,...
NUR 611 Patho Exam 1 Questions And
Answers. Verified And Updated.
Apoptosis - answer✔✔A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis - answer✔✔Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) -
answer✔✔Hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - answer✔✔Ischemia
Main component of a cell - answer✔✔Nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - answer✔✔Nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - answer✔✔RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding
proteins, and histones
What are histone important? - answer✔✔Histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - answer✔✔RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes (NPC's)
Where can ribosomes be found? - answer✔✔Cytoplasm and rough ER
What are ribosomes chief function? - answer✔✔provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi Apparatus? - answer✔✔A network of flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles
frequently located near the nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - answer✔✔Takes proteins from the ER and
processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and
refines and directs traffic in the cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - answer✔✔Maintain cellular health by removal of
toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and
signals cellular adaption
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 25, 2024 1:06 PM
, How does aging affect lysosomes - answer✔✔Leads to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency
which declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - answer✔✔Nutrient abundance, energy
levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into instructions that regulate cellular
metabolism toward either proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - answer✔✔cellular respiration, cellular metabolism, and
energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain - answer✔✔Enzymes of the respiratory
chain and are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the
cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways? - answer✔✔Metabolic
The mitochondiral matrix involves what two things? - answer✔✔Urea and heme synthesis
The mitochondrial matrix metabolizes what three things - answer✔✔Carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses from metabolic dearangements? -
answer✔✔Carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is pathologic atrophy? - answer✔✔occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use,
pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal stimulation. and
an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time
What is hypertrophy? - answer✔✔increase in cell size
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - answer✔✔Hypertrophy of myocardial cells
from endurance training
Example of pathologic hypertrophy - answer✔✔Cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
What is hyperplasia - answer✔✔Increase in the number of cells
Example of compensatory hyperplasia - answer✔✔Regeneration of the liver
Example of pathological hyperplasia - answer✔✔Endometrial tissue
Example of hormonal hyperplasia - answer✔✔Enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
What is metaplasia - answer✔✔Replacement of the cells
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 25, 2024 1:06 PM
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