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BIOL-L 104 Exam 1 Questions with correct Answers
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BIOL-L 104 Exam 1 Questions with correct Answers
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BIOL-L 104 Exam 1 Questions withcorrect Answers
What does it mean to be deadly? - Answer ---the total kills in history
--the total kills annually
--the kill rate
--how quickly the disease spreads
Deaths from infectious diseases... - Answer ---in the U.S. 10% of total deaths result in
infectious diseases
--in Africa 42% of deaths result in infectious diseases
What has killed the most people in history? - Answer -smallpox, plague, malaria (100+
million deaths)
What has the highest fatality rate (even with treatment)? - Answer -ebola, smallpox,
AIDs, plague (30-90%)
What causes the most deaths in a short period of time? - Answer -1918 influenza
epidemic (20-50 million a year)
What is the quickest killer? - Answer -ebola, plague (within hours)
What has the most deaths/year today? - Answer ---tuberculosis
--hepatitis B
--HIV/AIDs
--malaria (number one killer of children under 5)
--cancer
The history of microbiology is tied closely to what? - Answer -the development of the
microscope
Antonie Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - Answer ---Dutch
--merchant
--"Father of Microbiology"
--he would ground his own lenses and record his observations of what he saw
--conclusion = microbes exist (1684)
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) - Answer ---French
,--chemist and microbiologist
--disproved spontaneous generation
--Pasteur flask
--conclusion = microbes come from other microbes (1864)
--invented pasteurization process (1865)
--invented both the anthrax vaccine and rabies vaccine
spontaneous generation - Answer -where do living organisms come from
Robert Koch (1843-1910) - Answer ---German
--country doctor
--experimented in his spare time
--discovered the "germ theory of disease" (1876)
--conclusion = microbes cause disease and specific microbes cause specific diseases
--discovered the cause of anthrax (1876)
Koch's technical innovations - Answer ---pure cultures
--"hanging drop"
--used agar = solid media for growing bacteria
--discovered cause of tuberculosis (1882)
--won Nobel prize in medicine (1905)
Koch's postulates - Answer -a set of rules for determining the particular pathogen that is
causing a particular disease
What do we use postulates for? - Answer -to determine what pathogen causes what
disease
Koch's postulate process - Answer -(1) suspected pathogen is always found in sick
animal but not in healthy animal
(2) isolate suspected pathogen and pure culture
(3) suspected pathogen causes disease in healthy animal
(4) re-isolate pathogen
How big is the "alternative medicine" as a business? - Answer -50% of Americans use
some sort of alternative medicine; 10% use it on their children; its a $34-billion-a-year
business
What is the purpose of the book according to the author? - Answer -the purpose of this
book is to take a critical look at the field of alternative medicine--to separate fact from
myth
There is no such thing as conventional or alternative medicine but only what according
to the author? - Answer -there's no such thing as conventional or alternative medicine,
there's only medicine that works and medicine that doesn't
, What disease did Joey Hofbauer suffer from? Is it treatable? - Answer -Hodgkin's
disease, a cancer of the lymph glands that was treatable because his prognosis was
excellent
What treatments were available to Joey? What treatments did he receive? - Answer -
radiation and chemotherapy offered Joey a 95% chance of recovery
laetril, a natural remedy made from apricot pits
What type of doctor treated Joey's disease? - Answer -psychiatrist, Dr. Michael
Schachter
How did laetrile become popular in the late 1970's? - Answer -Steve McQueen was
diagnosed with cancer and decided to take laetril, William Kelley used Steve McQueen's
celebrity to promote laetril and influenced public opinion
Was laetrile an effective treatment? Why or why not? - Answer -laetril was not an
effective treatment because it did not cure, improve, or stabilize cancer, many patients
suffered symptoms of cyanide poisoning from laetril
What is the National Health Federation and what role did it play in Joey's case? -
Answer -the National Health Federation is an organization that represents the financial
interests of the alternative medicine industry, they went against Joey's case because
they were in favor of the money that laetril had made
What are the lessons from Joey's case? - Answer ---a heartfelt distrust of modern
medicine
--the notion that large doses of vitamins mean better health
--the belief that natural products are safer than conventional therapies
--the lure of healers whose charisma masks their lack of expertise
--the power of celebrity endorsements
--the unseen influence of a lucrative business
Who is Dr. Oz? - Answer -America's most recognized promoter of alternative medicine
Mehmet Oz, star of "The Dr. Oz Show"
How did the medical field develop over time? - Answer -first, people believed that
disease was a divine act, two hundred years later, Chinese healers embraced a similar
concept, reasoning that diseases were caused by an imbalance in energies, then
bloodletting, after that healers no longer believed that illnesses were a matter of spiritual
will or humoral imbalances rather they defined diseases in biochemical and biophysical
terms
What kinds of therapies does Dr. Oz promote? - Answer -faith healing, therapeutic
touch, psychicness, ancient natural remedies, homeopathy, and chiropractic
manipulations
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