Adult 3 (NUR 325) Exam 2 Cardiac
Questions With Correct Answers
What is stenosis? - answerhardening or narrowing of a valve, it makes it difficult for blood to
flow past it, but bloods still flows normally through the heart
What is regurgitation? - answerblood moves backwards through the valve....
What is stenosis? - answer✔✔hardening or narrowing of a valve, it makes it difficult for blood to
flow past it, but bloods still flows normally through the heart
What is regurgitation? - answer✔✔blood moves backwards through the valve. The blood moves
both ways, in and out
What happens with Aortic Stentosis? - answer✔✔If there's sever aortic stenosis you will not get
as much blood flow through the body. The body will start shunting from less vital organs to more
vital. The SNS will kick in causing an increased HR, vasoconstriction, and the kidneys won't get
as well perfused so the RAS system will also kick in. People with AS could get really bad
hypertension. We want to be careful not to drop these patient's bps too much.
What is a heart murmur? - answer✔✔Abnormal heart sound due to a pathological valve, blood
goes over patho part of valve
When do you hear a heart murmur? - answer✔✔When blood is moving over the pathological
valve. (If it's a systolic murmur it's during the systolic phase of the pathological valve. If it is
diastolic, it's during the valve's diastole)
diastolic: heart filling with blood
systolic: heart is emptying
· 2 phases of diastole: passive and active; filling phase of ventricle (heart is filling with blood)
· Passive: continuously getting blood flow in either atrium
· Passive filling in left ventricle so much weight on valve so blood passive falls down to ventricle
· Active: atrial contract and squeeze and shoots rest of blood down there
· Systole: 3 phases: isovolumetric contraction; systolic ejection; isovolumetric relaxation (heart
is emptying)
· Iso contract: ventricles are getting ready to eject blood; starting to sqeeze; cross fit bar bell on
floor pick up and drop it- contraction
· Systolic ejection ventricle is contracting (pushing blood out)
· Iso relax: squeeze and eject blood so start to relax and blood goes off to rest of body
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
, When do Ventricles contract? - answer✔✔RV relaxes during diastole. LV fills and relaxes
during diastole. LV contracts during systole, RV contracts during systole.
what is the role of the atria - answer✔✔The atriums fill continuously and passively open when
there is too much pressure.
The atria of the heart receive blood returning to the heart from other areas of the body.
Right Atrium: Receives blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
The superior vena cava returns de-oxygenated blood from the head, neck, arm and chest regions
of the body to the right atrium. The inferior vena cava returns de-oxygenated blood from the
lower body regions (legs, back, abdomen and pelvis) to the right atrium.
Left Atrium: Receives blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary
veins extend from the left atrium to the lungs and bring oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
What's the most important cardiac parameter? - answer✔✔Pulse
What 3 main things generate a pulse and bP? - answer✔✔contractility, preload (volume, blood),
afterload (vascular tone,blood vessels)
What is stroke volume? - answer✔✔the amount of blood that's ejected out of the ventricle with
each heart beat
50-100
What is cardiac output? - answer✔✔the amount of blood ejected in a minute
4-8
What is the formula for cardiac output? - answer✔✔HR x SV
What is cardiac index? - answer✔✔individualized for a person's size. It's the same thing as
cardiac output, it's just more specific for how big a person is (body surface area)
What drugs help with increasing heart contractility? - answer✔✔dopamine, dobutamine, and
epinephrine
What does dopamine do? - answer✔✔When you give higher levels of dopamine (>10) it causes
vasoconstriction, dopamine less than 10 increases contractility and improves heart rate
Side Effects dopamine? - answer✔✔isotrope, help heart squeeze, watch for HTN tachycardia,
dysrhythmias, palpitations (chest pain)
What does dobutamine do? - answer✔✔isotrope; helps with contractility of the heart and
increases HR help heart squeeze, but not as much as dopamine
Side Effects dobutamine - answer✔✔tachycardia not as bad as dopamine, dysrhythmias,
hypotension
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM
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