BIOS 256 EXAM 2024 CHAMBERLAIN (Latest ) 280
Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)|ALREADY A GRADE
Where is sperm produced? - seminiferous tubules
FSH function in males - stimulates the Sertoli cells and triggers spermatogenesis
LH function in males - "Leydig hormone"
Stimulates testosterone production from Leydig cells of testes
Where does sperm mature? - Epididymis
Three parts of male urethra - Prostatic, membranous, and spongy
Process of spermatogenesis - Spermatogonia (germ cells)-- Primary spermatocyte (2n)-
- Meiosis I occurs-- Secondary spermatocytes 2 of (n), Meiosis II occurs-- Spermatids 4
of (n)-- Spermiogenesis (production of sperm)
Semen - Mixture of sperm and seminal fluid. Comes from the secretion of seminal
vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral gland, and seminiferous tubule
What do the ovaries produce? - estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, and relaxin, and
gametes, and eggs
Stages of ovarian follicles - Primordial follicle, Primary follicle, Secondary follicle, first
polar body + secondary oocyte, mature follicle ruptures and releases the secondary
oocyte (ovulation)
Stages of oocyte - Oogonium-- primary oocyte(2n)-- Secondary oocyte (n)+ first polar
body(n)-- Secondary oocyte released-- fertilization by sperm-- ovum-- zygote(2n)
One primary oocyte gives rise to how many ovum? - 1
One primary spermatocyte produces how many gametes/ - 4
What layer sheds during mensuration? - stratum functionalis
oxytocin function - uterine contractions and milk ejection
FSH in females - stimulates development of ovarian follicles and ovulation
LH in females - stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation
, hCG - secreted by chorion (trophoblast) of the embryo and stimulates the secretory
activity of the corpus luteum to continue
Menstrual cycle - 1. menstrual phase: menstruation lasting about first 5 days
2. preovulatory phase: maturation of follicle
3. ovulation: release of secondary oocyte (LH surge brings about ovulation)
4. Postovulatory phase
Vasectomy - bilateral surgical removal of a part the vas deferens
Stages of labor - Dilation
Expulsion
Placental
Prolatctin - Milk production from glandular cells in breast
Corpus luteum function - produces progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, and inhibin, until it
degenerates into the corpus albicans
Placenta - A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood
supply. Formed about week 9, and continues the secretion of progesterone and
estrogen to sustain pregnancy
Labor chemicals and hormones involved - Estrogen levels rise from the secretion of the
placenta. This causes anterior pituitary gland of the fetus to secrete ACTH
(adrenocorticotropic hormone). ACTH stimulates the production of DHEA which is
converted into estrogen. High levels of estrogen cause oxytocin to cause uterine
contractions and relaxin to increase flexibility of the pubic symphysis. Contractions
continue until birth of the baby.
Saliva - 99.5% water, 0.5% solutes, and digestive enzymes. comes from salivary
glands.
4 reactions in cellular respirations - 1. glycolysis: one glucose molecule into two pyruvic
acid molecules
2.Formation of acetyl CoA: prepares pyruvic acid for the krebs cycle
3. Krebs cycle: oxidizing acetyl CoA into CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH
4. Electron transport chain
Aerobic respirations - when oxygen is present, all 4 normal reactions occur
Anaerobic respirations - When oxygen is not present, pyruvic acid is converted into
lactic acid
Functions of the kidneys - Excretion of wastes
Regulation of blood ionic composition
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