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NR 507 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NR 507 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NR 507 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSWhich of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
B. Taking more Vitamin D
C. Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
D. Increase water consumption - answer- D. Increase water consumption
Water consumption prevents UTI as it keeps bacteria flushed out of the urinary tract.
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Fever
B. Urgency
C. Flank pain
D. Decreased Urination - answer- B. Urgency is a symptom of lower tract UTI.
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection
(UTI)?
A. Pregnancy
B. Perimenopause
C. Marathon running
D. Frequent showering - answer- A. Pregnancy is a risk factor the development of a
UTI.
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a shorter
urethra.
True
False - answer- True, women have a shorter urethra that puts them at higher risk for
developing a UTI.
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
A. It is usually asymptomatic
B. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract
C. Is associated with young adults
D. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder - answer- D. A complicated UTI
can be caused by a structural issue in the urinary tract.
UTI Risk Factors - answer- Pregnancy
Women short ureter
Decreased estrogen in post-menopausal women
Sexual intercourse
Use of spermicide
Indwelling urinary catheterization
When there is vaginal discharge or itching involved, the NP may need to include -
answer- A genital exam as well to rule out or diagnose a sexually transmitted infection
(STI).
, Organisms that Cause Urinary Tract Infections - answer- The most common organisms
that cause a UTI is Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus
Mirabilis, and Klebsiella.
-E. coli causes approximately 80% of the cases of UTI because it is the most common
organism contained in the fecal matter that is easily accessible from the anus to the
urethra.
-If nitrites are present, this indicates that the causative organism is gram negative.
-A urine culture may also be performed to determine infection. A positive culture
indicates that there are greater than 100,000 colony forming units/ml.
- Dip Stick Test: Nitrites detect the presence of the Enterobacteriaceae (gram-negative
bacteria) family that converts nitrates into nitrites.
-Enterococcus are unable to produce nitrites.
-The presence of nitrites is the most specific finding and has the highest positive
predictive value.
Leukocyte esterase, WBCs and even bacteria on microscopic exam are not specific and
therefore, do not necessarily indicate infection.
Uncomplicated UTI - answer- Protein +/_
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/_
RBCs +/_
WBCs +/> 5000/hpf
Casts - None
Complicated UTI - answer- Protein +/_
Leukocyte Esterase +
Nitrites +/_
RBCs +
WBCs +/> 100,000/hpf
Casts +
Patient Education
The NP should take advantage of the opportunity to educate patients on the prevention
of UTIs while the patient is in the office. Some of the most basic information to convey
to a patient is: - answer- -Drink more water.
-Although there are differences of opinions, cranberry juice and vitamin C can help to
acidify the urine.
-Urinate before and after sexual intercourse to remove bacteria from the urethral area.
-Encourage the female to avoid holding urine for extended periods of time.
-Avoid the use of hygiene sprays and spermicides because they alter the normal
microbial flora to enhance the risk for infection.
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