Acute glomerulonephritis - inflammation of the capillary loops of the renal glomeruli
Ascites - accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Cholecystitis - inflammatory process of the gallbladder most commonly due to
obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic
Cholelithiasis - stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when cirain substances reach
a high concentration in bile and produce crystals
Cirrhosis - diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal
liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
Duodenal ulcer - chronic circumscribed break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with
healing
Irritable bowel syndrome - disorder of intestinal mobility
Lipase - enzyme that acts on emulsified fats
Peristalsis - muscular contractions that move products of digestion through the
alimentary canal
Peritoneum - serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma - frequently arises in the setting of cirrhosis,
approximately 20 to 30 years after liver injury or disease onset
Pylonephritis - infection of the kidney and renal pelvis
Pyloric stenosis - hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus leads to obstruction
of the pyloric sphincter
Pylorus - distal section of the stomach
Reflux - backflow caused by relaxation or incompetence of lower esophagus
Renal abscess - localized infection within the medulla or cortex of the kidney
Renal calculi - stones formed in the pelvis of the kidney from a physiochemical process
associated with obstruction and infections in the urinary tract
, Resonance - sound obtained on percussing a part that can vibrate freely
Tympany - low-pitched, resonant, drumlike note obtained by percussing the surface of a
large, air-containing space
Volvulus - twisting of the intestine resulting in an obstruction
Right upper quadrant - Issues with liver, gall bladder, tip of right kidney, diaphragm
Epigastric region - Stomach and pancreas
Left upper quadrant - Spleen, pancreas, tip of left kidney
Umbilical region - Uterus, bowel, aorta
Right lower quadrant - Appendix, right ovary, bowel
Suprapubic region - Bladder, uterus
Left lower quadrant - Left ovary, bowel
Abdominal bruits - Swishing sound over aortic, renal, iliac, or femoral arteries. Could be
narrowing or aneurysm
Abdominal rushes - High pitched sounds. Coincides with cramping, could be
obstruction.
Borborygmi - Increased, prolonged gurgles due to gastroenteritis, hunger, or early
obstruction
Audible abdominal rubs - Grating sounds could indicate inflammation due to tumor,
infection, or splenic infarct
Venous hum - Often heard in cirrhosis
Absent bowel sounds - Could be peritonitis or paralytic ileus
Rovsing's Sign - Rebound pain in RIGHT lower quadrant when pressure placed on
LEFT lower quadrant.
Murphy's sign - Pain on deep inspiration when gallbladder is palpated.
Psoas sign - Pain in abdomen when resistant pressure placed on patient raising thigh
Blumberg sign - Also known as rebound tenderness.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller VasilyKichigin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
