Ways to avoid sun/UV exposure? - Sunscreen with a high SPF (reapply q 30min)
Hat and long sleeves
No tanning beds
Limit exposure during peak hours of day
If exposed to UV/sun frequently, you should assess? - Assess your skin frequently for any changes to
moles or freckles.
What is the patho of a fungal infection in the nail bed? - Fungal growth in the nail plate causing it to
crumble.
What are some subjective findings of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail) - Discomfort,
paresthesia, loss of dexterity, inability to walk, exercise, or wear shoes. Changes in nail.
What are some objective findings of onychomycosis? - Thick/yellow/white discoloration/crumbling of
nail. Nail may separate from nail bed. No pitting.
Paronychia - Invasion of bacteria between the nail fold and plate. Bacterial or fungal infection. Infection
occurs where the skin meets the nail at the base or sides. Can be acute or chronic.
Objective findings of paronychia? - Erythema, edema, painful to touch. Purulent drainage under the
cuticle. Chronic can produce rippling of the nail.
Leukonychia - White spots on the nails. Typically caused by trauma or cuticle manipulation. Also benign.
Objective findings of leukonychia? - White spots under the nails.
Nodule - Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter
, Cyst - Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or
semisolid materialE
Papule - Elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter.
Pustule - Elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid.
What are some differential diagnoses of a nodule? - Erythema nodosum; lipoma
What are some differential diagnoses of a cyst? - Sebaceous cyst; cystic acne
What are some differential diagnoses of a papule? - Wart (verruca); Elevated mole; Lichen planus
What are some differential diagnoses of a pustule? - Impetigo; acne
What are the ABCDEs of lesions - Asymmetry - halves do not match.
Borders - irregular, ragged, blurred.
Color - not the same all over, varying shades of the same color (reds/browns)
Diameter - more than 6mm
Elevation - changes in existing pigmented lesions; grows.
What are common findings related to hygienic activity? - Papules and pustules resulting in:
Folliculitis
Furuncle (boil)
Tinea (Dermatophytosis)
What is folliculitis? - Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis.
Inflammatory cells within the wall of the hair follicle create a follicular based pustule. Inflammation can
be deep or superficial.
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