Morphine pharmacologic class - opioid receptor agonist
Morphine actions - -euphoria, constriction of pupils, stimulation of cardiac muscle
-relieves acute or chronic pain if non-narcotic analgesics have failed
-preanesthetic
-acute chest pain associated with MI
Morphine administration alerts - -oral solution may be given sublingually
-oral solution comes in multiple strengths
-can result in orthostatic hypotension
-never crush capsules or extended release tablets unless directed
-pregnancy category B
Morphine adverse effects - -may cause dysphoria, hallucinations
-physical and psychologic dependence can develop when taking for prolonged periods
of time
Morphine side effects - nausea, constipation, dizziness, and an itching sensations
Morphine contraindications - -should be avoided is pt has gallbladder disease, acute or
severe asthma, GI obstruction, or kidney impairment
-should be avoided if pt is taking CNS depressants (alcohol, antidepressants, sedatives)
-should not consume kava, valerian, or St. John's wort (enhances effects)
Morphine treatment of overdose - -IV administration of naloxone
-activated charcoal, laxatives
Naloxone brand name - Evzio, Narcan
Naloxone therapeutic class - drug for treatment of acute opioid overdose and misue
Naloxone pharmacologic class - opioid receptor antagonist
Naloxone actions - -reverses opioid effects in emergency situations when acute opioid
overdose is suspected
-works within minutes
, Naloxone administration alerts - -administer for a respiratory rate of less than 10 breaths
a minute
-pregnancy category B
Naloxone adverse effects - -has minimal toxicity itself
-reversal of effects of opioids cause increased blood pressure, tremors,
hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness
Naloxone side effects - (see adverse effects)
Naloxone contraindications - -should not be administered to pts with respiratory
depression
-avoid echinecea (may cause toxicity)
Naloxone treatment of overdose - oxygen, IV fluids, vasopressors
Aspirin brand name - Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA
Aspirin therapeutic class - non-opioid analgesic, NSAID, antipyretic
Aspirin pharmacologic class - salicylate, COX inhibitor
Aspirin actions - pain and fever relief, anticoagulant activity (reduces mortality risk post-
MI), shown to reduce risk of colorectal cancer
Aspirin administration alerts - -should be discontinued 1 week prior to surgery
-affects urine testing (tests positive for VMA)
-pregnancy category D
Aspirin adverse effects - gastric bleeding
Aspirin side effects - gastric discomfort
Aspirin contraindications - -pts receiving anticoagulant therapy (warfarin and heparin)
-gastric discomfort can increase when taken with alcohol
-avoid garlic, ginger, and ginkgo
Aspirin treatment of overdose - activated charcoal, laxative
Sumatriptan brand name - Imitrex, Onzetra
Sumatriptan therapeutic class - antimigraine drug
Sumatriptan pharmacologic class - triptan, vasoconstrictor of intracranial arteries
Sumatriptan actions - -causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries (does not affect BP)
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