NCMA 219 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
NCMA 219
Institution
NCMA 219
High risk newborn a newborn regardless of gestational age or birth, who has a greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality, usually because of conditions beyond the normal events related to birth and the adjustment to extrauterine life.
Basic nursing actions in high-risk newborns 1. Detec...
NCMA 219 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
High risk newborn ✅a newborn regardless of gestational age or birth, who has a
greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality, usually because of conditions
beyond the normal events related to birth and the adjustment to extrauterine life.
Basic nursing actions in high-risk newborns ✅1. Detect early
2. Keep newborn warm
3. Provide immediate supportive care
4. Report/refer promptly
Always keep newborn dry ✅-to prevent hypothermia
-if the baby experience hypothermia, he/she needs energy to burn to be able to produce
body heat
Glycogen ✅is the stored form of energy not glucagon
Glucagon ✅the hormone produced by the liver that converts glycogen into glucose
Danger signs of newborn distress ✅12 danger signs
Difficult respirations or tachypnea ✅-normal: 30-60
-do not feed the baby because at risk of aspiration, the ability of the newborn baby to
coordinate respiration and swallowing
Lethargy, failure to suck ✅-sleepy, poor ability to suck
-you are not going to feed the baby
Cyanosis ✅-lack of oxygen in the hemoglobin
Excessive mucus/drooling ✅-tracheo esophageal fistula: there is abnormal connection
between 2 organs, esophagus and trachea
-do not feed the baby
Sac or dimpling at the lower back ✅-neural tube effect (spina bifida)
-lumbosacral area
-the spinal cord dislocates from its normal place, which will affect the lower portion of
the body of the baby
Biled stain vomitus ✅-vomit with bile
-below common bile duct
-aganglionic mega colon (hirschsprung disease)- absence of ganglion cells
-ganglion cells: stimulates peristalsis
-
Jaundice ✅sclera white
Icteric yellow
Blood incompatilbility
Meconium staining of skins and nails ✅with fetal distress
No passage of meconium in 1-2 days ✅-checking the rectal temp at the ninth is not the
best way
-imperforate anus: walang butas, to check this, the best way is to passageway of stool
in 1st 24 hrs
-assessment: palpate, check for tenderness
-sign: irritability, so much cry
High pitched shrill cry, bulging anterior fontanelle ✅-increase intracranial pressure
-head injury or hydrocephalus
Low birth weight (lbw) ✅< 2,500 g (5.5lbs)
Very low birth weight (vlbw) ✅500-1000g (2.2lbs)
Appropriate for gestational age (aga) ✅-weight is between the 10th and 90th percentile
-2,500g (5.5 lbs or 2.5kg) and 4000g (about 8.75 lbs or 4kg)
Small for date (sfd) or small for gestational age (sga) ✅-below the 10th percentile
-<2,500g
Intrauterine growth restriction (iugr) ✅-commonly seen on sga
-they fail to grow at the expected rate in the utero
-bumagal growth habang nasa loob
Large for gestational age (lga) ✅-weight is above 90th percentile
-4kg>
According to gestational age
-preterm ✅-born before completion of the 37 weeks gestation
, Full-term ✅-between the beginning of 38 weeks of gestation and the completion of 42
weeks
Post term ✅born after 42 weeks
Late preterm ✅-born between 34 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation
According to mortality
-live birth ✅-the neonate manifests any heartbeat, breaths, displace voluntary
movement regardless of their gestational
Fetal death ✅-death of the fetus after they have reached their 20 weeks of gestational
and before they delivered
Neonatal death ✅-occurs during the first 27 days of life
*early neonatal death- during the first week
*late neonatal death- between 7th to 27th days
Perinatal mortality ✅total number of fetal and early neonatal deaths per 1000 live
births
Postnatal death ✅-occurs at 28 days to 1 year after birth
High risk conditions (head injuries) ✅-biggest part and most common presenting part
-head is one of the most common anatomical parts that is injured at birth
1. Caput succedaneum ✅-edema of the scalp
-cone head like
-cause: pushing when the cervix is not yet fully dilated
-characteristics: bilateral, self resolving in 3-5 days
-cs- crosses suture line
2. Cephal hematoma ✅-presence of blood clot between the periosteum and the frontal
bones of the skull
-cause: pressure from bony pelvis or blades of forceps
-characteristics: unilateral, self resolving in 1-2 weeks
- doesn't cross the suture line
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