Nucleus - aids in cell division and control of genetic info, contains DNA (think the egg yolk)
Ribosomes - RNA-protein complexes; float freely in cytoplasm; provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis; packages and modifies protein for transportation and secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid
components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory)
Golgi complex - Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into vesicles and transports within and
outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm; traffic cop- what goes in and out of cytoplasm)
Lysosomes - An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove wastes, digest debris from
dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest cell contents; autodigestion occurs in starvation
Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production; pathway for
metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino acids into ATP; to keep the cell alive; can grow and self-replicate
in the cell
Cytoskeleton - A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids
in movement; "bones and muscle" of the cell; have cilia to move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane - made up of lipids and proteins; the basic component is a bi-layer
of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural integrity of the membrane
, The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane - Phospholipid layer
Prokaryote - unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles (include cyanobacteria,
bacteria, and rickettsia)
cellular receptors - protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that
can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules called ligands
passive transport - The movement of materials through a cell membrane WITHOUT using energy; no-
energy transport of uncharged molecules through any semi-permeable barrier (occurs down a
concentration gradient)
Diffusion - Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
concentration gradient - A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
hydrostatic pressure - the mechanical force of water PUSHING against cellular membranes
Osmosis - Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane; from a region of higher water
concentration to a region of lower water concentration; directly r/t hydrostatic pressure and solute
concentration; PULL
active transport - the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
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