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Nursing 2910 Exam #3 Questions and Answers 2024( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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Nursing 2910 Exam #3 Questions and Answers 2024( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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Nursing 2910 Exam #3what are the 3 types of nociceptors
- mechanical pain receptors
- temperature pain receptors
- chemical pain receptors
the physiologic process involved in pain perception involves what 4 processes
Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation
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what is transduction?
nociceptors become activated by the perception of mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli.
what is transmission?
pain impulse from the nociceptors relays the pain from the spinal cord to the brain
- A-delta fibers (fast): sharp initial pain or (seen in modulation: pleasurable stimuli can decrease
pain)
- C fibers (slow): lingering ache
,what is perception?
pain recognition and the prefrontal cortex perceives pain
what is modulation?
the brain stem neuron inhibits pain message, and there is a neuron release of endogenous
neurotransmitters
what are some sympathetic responses to pain from all patients
dilated pupils, impaired GI motility, increased HR/RR/BP, reduced urinary output, pallor
what are some parasympathetic responses to pain from all patients
breathing pattern changes, constricted pupils, decreased pulse, decreased SBP, withdrawal
what are some bahavioral or cognitive changes in response to pain?
agitation, fidgeting, grimacing, grinding teeth, guarding, crying, rapid speech or slow, eating and
sleeping poorly, reduced energy and interest, change in gate
anger, anxiety, depression, fear, hopelessness, irritability, exhaustion
more voluntary responses to pain...
- Decreased urinary output, resulting in urinary retention, fluid overload, depression of all
immune responses
- Increased antidiuretic hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, aldosterone, glucagon,
decreased insulin, testosterone
- Hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, protein catabolism
- Muscle spasm, resulting in impaired muscle function and immobility, perspiration
- Increased respiratory rate and sputum retention, resulting in infection and atelectasis
identify the five things to note when classifying pain
,origin
cause/type
duration
onset
quality
origin includes
Cutaneous pain/superficial pain
Visceral pain
Deep somatic pain
Radiating
Referred
Phantom pain
Cutaneous pain/superficial pain
Skin or subcutaneous tissue
Visceral pain
Abdominal cavity, thorax, cranium
Deep somatic pain
Ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves
Radiating
perceived both at the source and extending to other tissues
Referred
perceived in body areas away from the pain source
Phantom pain
, perceived in nerves left by a missing, amputated, or paralyzed body part.
cause or type can include
Nociceptive
Visceral pain
Somatic pain
Neuropathic
nociceptive pain
response to noxious insult or injury of tissues such as skin, muscles, visceral organs, joints,
tendons, or bones
visceral pain
internal organs
somatic pain
skin, muscles, bones, or connective tissue
neuropathic
Injury to nerve resulting in repeated transmission of pain signals even in the absence of painful
stimuli.
This can originate from poorly controlled diabetes, stroke, tumor, alcoholism, amputation, a viral
infection, or medications.
duration includes
Acute pain
Chronic pain
Intractable pain
acute pain
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